The story
Originally Anne Arundel’s Towne, in honor of the English noblewoman Anne Arundell (1615/1616–1649), after whom the city’s county (Anne Arundel County) was also named; the namesake was changed to honor Princess Anne of Denmark and Norway, the heir to the throne who became Queen Anne of Great Britain (1665–1714); from Anna (Latinate form of Anne) + -polis (“city”).
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.