The story
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂eh₁-
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂eh₁ter-
- Proto-Iranian*HáHtr̥š
- Proto-Indo-European*peh₂-
- Proto-Indo-European*peh₂-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian*paHtás
- Proto-Iranian*paHtáh
- Proto-Iranian*HaHtr̥paHtah
- Old Persian*Ātr̥pātah (/Āturpat/)
- Middle Persianʾtwrpʾtkʾn (ādurbādagān)
- Classical Persianآذَرْبَایْجَان (āzarbāyjān)
- Ottoman Turkishآذربایجان (Azerbaycan)
- English todayAzerbaijan
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آذربایجان (azerbaycan), from Classical Persian آذَرْبَایْجَان (āzarbāyjān), from Early New Persian آذَرْبَایْگَان (āḏarbāygān) / آذَرْبَادْگَان (āḏarbādgān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾtwrpʾtkʾn) / [script needed] (ʾtwrpʾtkn /āturpātakān, ādurbādagān/), from [script needed] (ʾtwrpʾt' /āturpāt, ādurbād/, “Atropates (the Persian nobleman who founded the kingdom of Atropatene)”) [whose name descends from Old Persian *Ātr̥pātah (literally “protected by fire”)] + -kʾn' (whence Classical Persian ـگَان (-gān)). Compare Old Armenian Ատրպատական (Atrpatakan), Ատրապատական (Atrapatakan), Ատրպայական (Atrpayakan), Armenian Ադրբեջան (Adrbeǰan), Medieval Greek Ἀδαρβιγάνων (Adarbigánōn), Classical Syriac ܐܕܘܪܒܝܓܐܢ (ʾĀḏōrbêḡān), Coptic ⲁⲇⲟⲩⲣⲃⲁⲇⲁⲅⲁⲛ (adourbadagan).
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.