The story
From Butlerian + jihad (“holy war, crusade”), from the science fiction epic Dune (1965), in which a war had been waged in the Duneverse by the last free humans against autonomous ("thinking") machines. Butlerian refers to English novelist Samuel Butler, whose 1872 work Erewhon describes a society that destroys all complex machines preemptively out of fear of their replacement by those very machines.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.