Etymology

French 75

Today it means: The Canon de 75 modèle 1897, an artillery piece capable of firing 75 mm shells. Full definition →

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The story

From the caliber of the shells, 75 mm (~ 3 in.). The cocktail was named after the artillery, alluding to its impact, 1920s.

Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.