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- Arabic · calque ofمِحْوَرُ المُقَاوَمَة
- English todayaxis of resistance
Calque of Arabic مِحْوَرُ المُقَاوَمَة (miḥwaru l-muqāwama). First used in 2002 in Libya in response to George W. Bush's axis of evil.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.