bruise

The story

1. Proto-Celtic · derived from*bruseti“to break”
2. Gaulish · derived from*brus-
3. Anglo-Norman · derived frombruiser
4. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*brausijaną
5. Old English · inherited frombrȳsan
6. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*bʰrews-“to break”
7. Middle English · inherited frombruisen
8. English todaybruise

From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”): * Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense. * Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form. Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).

Words from the same roots