The story
- Old English · inherited fromfor þon
- Middle English · inherited fromfor that
- English todayfor that
From Middle English for that, from an alteration of Old English for þon (þe), with the instrumental demonstrative pronoun þon replaced by nominative/accusative þæt due to levelling of the Old English declensional system in Middle English. Equivalent to for (“because of”) + that. Compare forthan, a parallel descendant of the same construction without the declensional levelling.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.