roast

The story

1. Old French · derived fromrost
2. Middle English · derived fromroste
3. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*Hrews-“to crackle; roast”
4. Proto-Germanic · derived from*raustijaną“to roast”
5. Frankish · derived from*rōstijan“to roast, broil”
6. Old French · derived fromrostir“to roast, to torture with fire”
7. Middle English · inherited fromrosten
8. English todayroast

From Middle English rosten, a borrowing from Old French rostir (“to roast, to torture with fire”), from Frankish *rōstijan (“to roast, broil”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrews- (“to crackle; roast”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian rosterje (“to roast”), Dutch roosten, roosteren (“to roast”), German rösten (“to roast”). Displaced native Middle English breden, bræden (“to roast”), from Old English brǣdan, related to German braten (“to roast, grill”). The noun is from Middle English roste, from Old French rost, roste, from the verb.

Words from the same roots

First known use, by meaning

• from 18th century An instance of being severely admonished, criticized, roasted.
• from 19th century A social event at which food is roasted and eaten.