rouse

rouse · verb, noun¹

1. Middle English · inherited fromrousen“of a hawk: to shake its feathers”
2. English todayrouse

The verb is derived from Late Middle English rousen (“of a hawk: to shake its feathers”); further etymology unknown. Because many terms of French origin are used in falconry, it has been assumed that the Middle English word is derived from Anglo-Norman or French; however, no satisfactory etymon has been found. The following words have been suggested, but are thought by the Oxford English Dictionary to be unlikely due to the differences in meaning: * Anglo-Norman rëuser, roser, ruser, russer, Middle French ruser, and Old French rëuser (“to drive back, repulse”) (modern French ruser). * An Old Norse word from which Danish ruse (“to hurry, rush”) and Swedish rusa (“to hurry, rush”) are derived. Compare row (“quarrel”), possibly related to or derived from this word. The noun is derived from the verb.

rouse · noun²

1. German · derived fromgar aus“all out”
2. English todayrouse

Probably from carouse (“(obsolete) of drinking a cup of an alcoholic beverage: to the bottom”, adverb), from a rebracketing of the phrase drink carouse as drink a rouse. Carouse is derived from German gar aus (“all out”), as in gar-aus trinken (“to drink all out; to drink to the bottom”).

rouse · verb³

1. Scots · derived fromroust
2. English todayrouse

Origin uncertain, possibly a variant of one of the following: * From rouse (“to provoke (someone) to react (for example, in anger or annoyance); to cause (an emotional reaction, a feeling, etc.); and other senses”) (see etymology 1; and compare Scots rouse (“to become agitated, enraged, or excited, to grow angry”)). * From roust (“(Scotland, archaic) to roar, shout”), from Scots roust, rowst (“to roar, shout”), possibly related to Old Norse raust (“voice”, noun).

rouse · verb⁴

1. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*h₁rṓs“dew; liquid, moisture”
2. Latin · derived fromarrōrāre
3. Late Latin · derived from*arrosare
4. Old French · derived fromaroser“to sprinkle (something) with water or some other liquid; to make (something) wet, soak”
5. Middle French · derived fromarouser
6. Anglo-Norman · derived fromarouser
7. Middle English · inherited fromarouse
8. English todayrouse

An aphetic form of arrouse (“(obsolete) to sprinkle (something) with water or some other liquid; of a river, sea, etc.: to provide (land) with water”), from Late Middle English arouse, arrouse, arowse, arrowse, from Anglo-Norman arouser, aruser, Middle French arouser, arrouser, and Old French aroser (“to sprinkle (something) with water or some other liquid; to make (something) wet, soak”) (modern French arroser), from Late Latin *arrosare, from Latin arrōrāre, adrōrāre, the present active infinitives of arrōrō, adrōrō (“to bedew; to besprinkle, moisten”), from ad- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’) + rōrō (“to be moist; to drip, trickle”). Rōrō is derived from rōr- (the oblique stem of rōs (“dew; moisture”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rṓs (“dew; liquid, moisture”), possibly from *h₁ers- (“to flow”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). Compare Scots rouse (“to sprinkle salt on (fish) in the process of curing; to sprinkle water on (something)”).

rouse · adjective⁵

1. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*h₁rewdʰ-“red”
2. Latin · derived fromrussus“red; red-haired”
3. Old French · derived fromros“(uncertain) red-faced; red-haired”
4. Middle French · derived fromrous
5. Anglo-Norman · derived fromrous
6. Middle English · inherited fromrous
7. English todayrouse

From Late Middle English rous, rouse (“(adjective) red-haired; (noun) person with red hair”), from Anglo-Norman rous, rus, and Middle French rous, roux (“red-haired, chiefly used to describe William II of England”), from Old French ros (“(uncertain) red-faced; red-haired”) (modern French roux), from Latin russus (“red; red-haired”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Doublet of red.

rouse · verb⁶

Origin unknown.

Rouse · proper noun⁷

1. Latin · derived fromrussus
2. Anglo-Norman · derived fromrous“red-haired”
3. English todayRouse

* As an English surname, from Middle English and Anglo-Norman rous (“red-haired”), from Latin russus. * As a German surname, Americanized from Raus. * As a northern French and Walloon surname Rousé, variant of Rosé, Rose.

Words from the same roots