she

she · pronoun, noun, verb, determiner¹

1. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*ḱe-
2. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*hijō f“this, this one”
3. Proto-West Germanic · inherited from*hiju
4. Old English · inherited fromhēo
5. Middle English · inherited fromsche
6. English todayshe

Inherited from Middle English sche, scho, hyo, ȝho (“she”), whence also Yorkshire dialectal shoo (“she”), Scots she, sho (“she”). Probably from Old English hēo (whence dialectal English hoo), with an irregular change in stress from hēo to heō /hjoː/, then a development from /hj-/ to /ç/ to /ʃ-/, similar to the derivation of Shetland from Old Norse Hjaltland. In this case, she is from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō f (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”), and is cognate with Saterland Frisian jo, ju, West Frisian hja, North Frisian jü, Danish hun, Swedish hon; more at he. A derivation from Old English sēo (“that one”, occasionally “she”) is also possible, though less likely. In that case, sēo would have undergone a change in stress from sēo to seō /sjoː/, then a change from /sj-/ to /ʃ-/, similar to the derivation of sure from Old French seur. It would then be cognate to Dutch zij and German sie. Neither etymology would be expected to yield the modern vocalism in /iː/ (the expected form would be shoo, which is in fact found dialectally). It may be due to influence from he, but both hēo and sēo also have rare variants (hīe and sīe) that may give modern English /iː/.

She · pronoun²

See she.

She · proper noun³

1. Mandarin · borrowed from涉
2. English todayShe

From Mandarin 涉 (Shè).

She · noun⁴

1. Mandarin · borrowed from畲
2. English todayShe

From Mandarin 畲 (Shē).

Words from the same roots