shock

shock · noun, adjective, verb¹

1. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*(s)kek-
2. Proto-Germanic · derived from*skakaną“to shake, stir”
3. Proto-Germanic · derived from*skukkaną“to move, shake, tremble”
4. Old Dutch · derived from*skokkan“to shake up and down, shog”
5. Middle French · derived fromchoquer“to collide with, clash”
6. Middle Dutch · derived fromschokken“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”
7. English todayshock

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.

shock · noun, verb²

1. Proto-West Germanic · inherited from*skok
2. Middle Low German · derived fromschok
3. Old English · inherited from*sċoc
4. Middle English · inherited fromschok
5. English todayshock

Inherited from Middle English schok, from Old English *sċoc or Middle Low German schok; in any case, from Proto-West Germanic *skok and possibly related to Latvian kàudze and Lithuanian kiūgis.

Shock · proper noun³

* As an English surname, variant of Shuck. * As a German surname, Americanized from Schock, itself a variant of Scheck, or from the sense Schock (“heap”). Compare Schoch.

Words from the same roots