summer

summer · noun, verb¹

1. Proto-Indo-European*sem-
2. Proto-Indo-European*s(e)m-eh₂-
3. Proto-Indo-European*sm̥-h₂-ór-o-
4. Proto-Germanic*sumaraz
5. Proto-West Germanic*sumar
6. Old Englishsumor
7. Middle Englishsomer
8. English todaysummer

From Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor m, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar m, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz m, derived from Proto-Indo-European *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognates Cognate with Scots somer, sumer, simer, West Frisian simmer, Saterland Frisian Suumer, Dutch zomer, Low German Sommer, German Sommer, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål sommer, Swedish sommar, Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic sumar; Welsh haf, Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “a half-year, season, weather, year”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-), Middle Persian ḥʾmyn (hāmīn), Northern Kurdish havîn, Central Kurdish ھاوین (hawîn).

summer · noun²

1. Proto-Indo-European*sem-
2. Proto-Indo-European*s(e)m-eh₂-
3. Proto-Indo-European*sm̥-h₂-ór-o-
4. Proto-Germanic*sumaraz
5. Proto-West Germanic*sumar
6. Old Englishsumor
7. Middle Englishsomer
8. English todaysummer

From Middle English somer, from Anglo-Norman summer, sumer, from Vulgar Latin saumārius, for Late Latin sagmārius, from Latin sagma (“sum”). Compare sumpter.

summer · noun³

From sum + -er.

Words from the same roots