syncope

The story

1. Proto-Indo-European*ḱe?
2. Proto-Indo-European*ḱómder.?
3. Proto-Indo-European*sem-der.?
4. Proto-Hellenic*ksún
5. Ancient Greekσύν (sún)
6. Ancient Greekσυν- (sun-)
7. Proto-Indo-European*(s)kep-?
8. Proto-Hellenic*kopt͏̌ō
9. Ancient Greekκόπτω (kóptō)
10. Ancient Greekσυγκόπτω (sunkóptō)
11. Ancient Greekσυγκοπή (sunkopḗ)
12. Latinsyncopē
13. English todaysyncope

Learned borrowing from Late Latin syncopē, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ), from συγκόπτω (sunkóptō, “cut up”) + -η (-ē, nominalization suffix), from σύν (sún, “beside, with”) + κόπτω (kóptō, “strike, cut off”). Partly continues the (near-)doublets syncopis and sincopin, both from the Old French sincopin (“faintness”) (itself from Late Latin accusative syncopen), with the pathological meaning "a loss of consciousness accompanied by a weak pulse", attested from the fifteenth century. Usage in the form syncope, with the phonological meaning "contraction of a word by omission of middle sounds or letters" attested from the 1520s. Syncopis and sincopin were "re-Latinized" to the form syncope in English in the sixteenth century. The musical usage first occurs after the 1660s, following the musical usage of syncopation and syncopate.