Ch'ao-chou

It is humbly noted that during July Your officer heard rumors that in the Ch‘ao-chou-Swatow area there was an English barbarian, Su-li-wan,¹ pretending to be in charge of customs and in collusion with local gangsters, squatting there and fraudulently collecting customs. Notice was sent the Kwangtung governor general and governor and the Canton customs superintendent to prohibit this entirely. Now a communication is received from the acting governor general of Kwangtung [sic] Lao Ch‘ung-kuang, regarding the collection of likin for military supplies at Ch‘ao-chou and Swatow, that he has received a report from his deputy Yi En-heng that there is a foreign merchant, Sha-li-yün, who has helped detect smuggling and is quite rigorous.

1953 [1859 November 9], Earl Swisher, “Ward and Ho Kuei-ch'ing at Shanghai, 1859. (Documents 477-494)”, in China's Management of the American Barbarians: A Study of Sino-American Relations, 1841-1861, with Documents, New York: Octagon Books, published 1972, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 634

Upon the accession in 847 of Hsüan (Sywen) Tsung, who gradually restored the monasteries of the realm, he was sent off to Ch’ao-chou in the footsteps of Han Yü, then, in the following year, moved on to endure the greater rigors of Yai-chou.

1967, Edward H. Schafer, The Vermilion Bird: Tʻang images of the South, University of California Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 44