Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh

Ninety-five per cent of the cultivated area of the country lies east of a line drawn from Tsitsihar (Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh) in northern Manchuria to K'un-ming in Yün-nan Province. This is eastern China, and within it is the Chinese ecumene.

1969, Norton Ginsburg, “The Geography of China”, in Joseph Kitagawa, editor, Understanding Modern China, Quadrangle Books, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 59

From Peking air routes extend northward to Ch’i-ch’i-ha-erh in Manchuria, southeastward to Shanghai, southward to the island of Hainan, and westward to K’a-shih in Sinkiang.

中國地圖集

1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, “Transportation”, in Christopher L. Salter, editor, Atlas of China [中國地圖集], McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 74, column 2

Tou Ching-lin, head of the Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh Railroad Bureau, came to see me. He told me that the task of changing the gauge of the rails of the track north of Harbin by the Russians began on September 3 and was completed on October 9. On October 12 a train from Moscow arrived in Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh. A representative of the communications commission of the Soviet government came to Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh to deliver a lecture to personnel of the Railroad Bureau. He first asked whether the staff of the Railroad Bureau understood the spirit of the Sino-Soviet agreement. He then said that if within 30 years China could manage the railroads in Manchuria by itself, control could be returned to the Chinese.

1989, Dolores Zen, transl., Last Chance in Manchuria, Hoover Institution Press, →ISBN, page 102

Ignat'ev refused to concede these points, but offered other concessions instead: Russia would not demand a consulate in Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh or Chang-chia-k'ou (Kalgan); it would permit Chinese subjects to continue living along the Ussuri river as Chinese subjects; and it would limit to 200 the number of Russian traders in Peking.

1996, S. C. M. Paine, Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier, M. E. Sharpe, page 89