En-p'ing

Memorialism as distinct from worship can, I think , be seen in a different context illustrated by an incident which occurred in Kwangtung in 1867. The country magistrate and 'gentry' of En-p’ing hsien raised money for the repair of the local Confucian temple by proposing to build an academy (shu-yüan) to serve as a shrine in honour of local men. People who contributed to the building fund were entitled to put their ancestors' tablets in the shrine, in positions of honour varying with the amounts donated. It proved a successful idea and was copied by others.

1966, Maurice Freedman, Chinese Lineage and Society: Fukien and Kwangtung, Athlone Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 154

People in the Ssu-i (the four counties — T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, En-p'ing), for example, though not far from Canton, have their own distinct dialect, which is scarcely intelligible to an ordinary Cantonese.

1969, Ezra Vogel, Canton under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital 1949-1968, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 24

This is a local tradition in Chang-chou (K’ang-yu chi-hsing 14, 3a); in nearby Ch’ao-chou (Kuangtung) the Confucianist Han Yu is regarded as responsible (Ch ‘iu-yü-wan sui-pi 6, 23b). How far this custom was accepted, is not clear; in En-p’ing (Kuangtung) it was supposedly common (Chung-hua ch’üan-kuo feng-su chih, part 1, chapt. 8, p. 48), while in Yang-chiang (Kuangtung) only upper class women practised it (Yang-chiang hsien-chih 1, p. 63b).

1975, Wolfram Eberhard, “The Upper-Class Family in Traditional China”, in Charles E. Rosenberg, editor, The Family in History, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 92

In addition to the language difference between the two major ethnic groups, there are differences among the Cantonese themselves. For example, people in four counties to the southwest of Canton- in T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, and En-p'ing counties- speak a version of Cantonese which is almost unintelligible to residents of Canton.

1978, William L. Parish, Village and Family in Contemporary China, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 26