Hailaerh

Not only the larger cities are setting up urban communes, even the small, remote places are doing so, for example, Haikung city on Hainan Island set up an urban commune with four sub-communes and nineteen factories during the first ten days of June, 1960,³ while it is reported that Hailaerh city in Inner Mongolia set up three urban communes at Hsiangchun, Chengyang and Ch'iaot'ou by using educational, planning, organizational, consolidating and elevating methods to carry out the Party call for the establishment of communes and set them up in thirty-five days because, it is said, they could not wait any longer.⁴

1962, Shih Ch'eng-chih, “Urban Communes and Natural Calamities”, in Urban Commune Experiments Communist China, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, published 1974, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 123–124

They discovered the presence of about one division at Hailaerh (Jehol) and another at Tsitsihar, details of troop movements in and around Harbin and Hsinking, the numbers of aircraft and tanks concentrated at Kungchuling (near Mukden), and the unit strength of all other forces in western Manchukuo.

1964, Chalmers Johnson, “The Fruits of Espionage”, in An Instance of Treason: The Story of the Tokio Spy Ring, London: Heinemann, published 1965, →OCLC, page 151