Huaqiao

In actual fact the main reason for the departure of “huachiao” from Vietnam is incitement from outside, under the influence of which hundreds of thousands of misled ethnic Chinese started leaving Vietnam, where they had been peacefully living and working. Provocations from the north against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and other countries of Indochina are continuing. All this cannot but stir up passions around the question of the departure of “huachiao”. Moreover, it is known for a fact that “refugees” from China have recently been planted in Vietnamese territorial waters and have then been passed off as Vietnamese refugees and sent to the shores of South-East Asian states.

[1979 July 24 [1979 July 21], Nikolai Firyubin, “Soviet representative's speech at conference on refugees in South-East Asia”, in Soviet News, number 5981, London: Press Department of the Soviet Embassy in London, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 240, column 1

Four days later, we were seated among other huachiao train bound for Canton, the transfer point in China for other destinations.[…] As the van negotiated the chaotic streets delivering its load of huachiao returnee^([sic – meaning returnees]) seated behind me kept up a running commentary on the cityscape unfolding before us.[…] It was noon when we arrived at the hotel for huachiao in Taishan.

[1985 September 15, Rose E. Lee, “RETURN TO CHINA”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 12 Sep 2023

Unlike the Jews in Europe, the huachiao had a homeland to go back to. But for some time after the Communists took over in 1949, this avenue itself was fraught with great personal danger, if not altogether closed. In 1959 the Communist government decided to change the old policy and lure back overseas Chinese with their wealth and valuable foreign exchange.

[1998, Betty Lim King, “Winchester & Hamlet”, in Girl on a Leash: The Healing Power of Dogs A Memoir, Sanctuary Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 42

No thanks to Baba, I found out that the government had put out many incentives to lure huachiaos, or overseas Chinese, back to the motherland. One of them was to grant them admission privileges to the best public schools.[…]It turned out that as a huachiao, she was entitled to a place at the national university without so much as an exam.

[2007, Veronica Li, “Journeying across the Four Seas”, in Journey Across the Four Seas: A Chinese Woman's Search for Home, First American edition, Paramus, NJ: Homa & Sekey Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 269

Being postwar baby-boomers, they were the elites of Taiwan in the 1970s—well-educated, multi-lingual, and extremely diligent and persevering in overcoming their hardships while settling down in Canada. Being “reluctant exiles,” they have succeeded in planting their roots in Canada. Being Taijiao, rather than Huachiao, there is no reason for them to be lumped together with other Chinese in Canada or other early Chinese-Canadians from Taiwan in research.

[2013, Lan-hung Nora Chiang, “Different Voices: Identity Formation of Early Taiwanese Migrants in Canada”, in Immigrant Adaptation in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Canada, Taiwan, and the United States, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 277