Hun-ch'un

Article V.—In consideration of the numerous difficulties arising from the authority exercised by local officials over the legal traffic at such places on the boundary as I-chou, Hui-ning, and Ch’ing-yuan, it has now been decided that the people on the frontier shall be free to go to and fro and trade as they please at Ts’e-men and I-chou on the two sides of the Ya-lu River, and at Hun-ch’un and Hui-ning on the two sides of the T’u-men River.

1882, G. W. Keeton, “Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects, 1882”, in The Development of Extraterritoriality in China, volume II, Longmans, Green & Co., published 1928, →OCLC, page 341

In fact, the evidence of Chinese precautions, the arsenal at Kirin, the fort at Hun-ch’un, the lines near Port Arthur—Lu-shun-k’ou—the attention paid to drill, armament, and telegraphic communication, the very large bodies of troops trained by Europeans as well as the Militia, all show that China, if she does not fear, anticipates a struggle for her Northern lands.

1888 March 17, “MANCHURIA.”, in The Spectator, number 3,116, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 389, column 2

Hun-chʻun is essentially a garrison town, though there are a few dealers in seaweed, toadstools, and medicinal roots, large quantities of which are sent to Ninguta and Kirin, and thence to all parts of China. There is also a considerable trade in deer-horns.

1888, H. E. M. James, “Sansing to Ninguta and Hun-chʻun”, in The Long White Mountain or A Journey in Manchuria, Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 346

In this fashion China completely lost access to the Sea of Japan, and surrendered what is to-day the important province of the Primorsk to the northern power. The nearest point on Chinese territory to the coast in this extreme east is Chinese Hun-ch’un, which stands some thirty miles inland from Passiet Bay.

1904, B. L. Putnam Weale, “Prologue to the Crisis”, in Manchu and Muscovite, Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 52

Article 5 permitted Chinese and Koreans to trade at Ch’aengmun and Ŭiju on the Yalu River and at Hun-ch’un and Hoeryŏng on the Tumen River, the duties to be 5 percent ad valorem on all goods except red ginseng.

1977, Martina Deuchler, “Korea Between China and Japan”, in Confucian Gentlemen and Barbarian Envoys: The Opening of Korea, 1875-1885, University of Washington Press, published 1983, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 142