I-ning

Not until October, 1939, did Eurasia, through the medium of the newly formed Sino-Soviet Aviation Company, open a new service. It ran from Chungking to Ha-mi, whence, through the cooperation of Sinkiang authorities and the Soviet People's Aviation Company, it was continued via Tihwa, I-ning, and Alma-Ata (the latter over the border, in Soviet Kazakhstan) to Moscow.

1944, Martin R. Norins, “Reconstruction”, in Gateway to Asia: Sinkiang, Frontier of the Chinese Far West, John Day Company, →OCLC, page 119

In November 1944 Kazakhs, “White Russians,” and Tartars revolted in I-ning in western Sinkiang. They organized a government at I-ning by setting up a Local Maintenance Committee with An Te-hai, a Turki (the Turki, Moslems, are the largest population group in Sinkiang), as Chairman, with the reported aim of establishing an East Asia Turki Republic.

1968, Lyman P. Van Slyke, editor, The Chinese Communist Movement: A Report of the United States War Department, July 1945, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 231

In Sinkiang itself the Chinese were multiplying their own problems by pushing forward too hard and too fast with Sinification and Maoification programmes. Low- level guerrilla activity, punctuated by occasional urban uprisings, continued throughout the 1950s, until the Tibetan revolt of 1959 spilt over into Sinkiang and created a real crisis of authority. Two main centres of disaffection were I-ning and Ta- ch’eng, both close to the Soviet border.

1980, David Downing, An Atlas of Territorial and Border Disputes, London: New English Library, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 16