Kaokouli

About 2,000 years ago (37 B.C.), the Kaokouli Kingdom was established by Chumeng, chieftain of the Kaokouli tribe, in the eastern part of the present Fengtien Province.

1933 August, “Historical Background”, in Manchoukuo: Handbook of Information, Hsinking: Bureau of Information and Publicity, Department of Foreign Affairs, Manchoukuo Government, →OCLC, page 7

Chinese domination in Manchuria was revived after the unification of China by the Sui Dynasty in A.D. 590, though this could not be called entirely complete because the Kaokouli kingdom could not be subjugated. In 618 when the T’ang Dynasty replaced the Sui, not only was an attempt made to get a much firmer grip on China, but the Emperors ordered their generals to crush Kaokouli.

1936, D. M. B. Collier, C. L'E. Malone, “The Birth of a Country”, in Manchoukuo: Jewel of Asia, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, →OCLC, page 21

The same doubt as to origin attaches to several tombs containing bronze daggers of a peculiar type discovered in eastern Inner Mongolia and Liaoning. These are of a somewhat earlier date and go back to the Eastern Chou but it is also doubtful whether they belonged to the Huns or the Eastern Hu tribes. On the other hand, epitaphs on tombstones have enabled archaeologists to identify the tombs belonging to the Kaokouli Kingdom in Kirin and Liaoning, the tomb of Princess Chenhui of the Pohai Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty at Tunhua, Kirin Province, and the Liao Dynasty (916-1125) tombs of the Chitan tribes in northeast China and Inner Mongolia.

1963 January 18, Hsia Nai, “Archaeology in New China”, in Peking Review, volume VI, number 3, →OCLC, page 19, column 1