Kizil Su

The Kirghiz chou lies along the south slopes of the Tien Shan, which here forms the frontier between Sinkiang and the Kirghiz S.S.R. of the Soviet Union. It is named for the Kizil Su, rendered phonetically in Chinese as K'o-tzu-le-su, the Kirghiz designation of the Kashgar River.

1972, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map National and Regional Development, 1949-71, Praeger Publishers, page 317

Administratively, the Kara Köl grazing zone forms part of the Aqto division, which is one of the four subunits of the Kizil Su Autonomous Oblast where the majority of China's 119 300 Kirghiz reside (data of 1994). The majority of the Kirghiz of Kizil Su has become sedentary agriculturists, while the inhabitants of the higher Pamirs continue to follow mobile livestock husbandry exclusively.

2001, Hermann Kreutzmann, “Yak keeping in Western High Asia: Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Southern Xinjiang Pakistan”, in Food and Agriculture Organization

In this case study, the changes that have occurred to the Kirghiz pastoralists living in Little Kara Köl of present Akto County (Fig. 6.1) within Kizil Su Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture (Xinjiang, People's Republic of China) will be examined in the light of external interventions leading to recent modernisation processes with significant impact on their livelihoods.

2012, Hermann Kreutzmann, editor, Pastoral practices in High Asia: Agency of 'development' effected by modernisation, resettlement and transformation, Springer, →ISBN, page 110