P'ing-jang

Next, the Chinese text says that they set forth from the district of Lo-lang, which is situated not in Leao-tung, but in Corea, and of which the capital is the present city of Pʽing-jang (in d’Auville’s map, Ping-yang), situated upon the northern bank of the Ta-tʽung-kiang, or Pʽai-shue, a river of the province of Pʽing-ngan, which, in great part, in the time of the dynasty of Han, formed the district of Lo-lang.

1885, Edward P. Vining, quoting J. Klaproth, “Researches regarding the Country of Fu-sang, mentioned in Chinese Books, and erroneously supposed to be a Part of America”, in An Inglorious Columbus; or, Evidence that Hwui Shăn and a Party of Buddhist Monks from Afghanistan Discovered America in the Fifth Century, a. d., D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, page 43

In A.D. 436 we find from the Kang Kien that Fêng Hung (馮弘) the last “Emperor” of Yen⁶² had to take refuge in the Tungusic (東胡) kingdom of Kao-li,—the very first mention of the new name,⁶³—which had been developing quietly at its capital P’ing-jang.[…] “The Emperor visited east-central China (江與京洛), and enlisted 400,000 soldiers and 500 Wu ships to cross the seas and go to P’ing-jang, (the Kao-li capital).”

1890, E. H. Parker, “On Race Struggles in Corea”, in Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, volume XVIII, Tokyo: The Hakubunsha, →OCLC, pages 192–193, 218

Accordingly an army was sent into Corea. It met the Japanese before the walls of Pʻing Jang (平壤), where it was annihilated and its commander, Tsu Chʻêng-hsun, (祖承訓), barely escaped with his life. The next Chinese army under the command of Li Ju-sung (李如松), fresh from a successful campaign against a Mongol rebel in Ning Hsia (甯夏), gained a victory over the Japanese in Pʻing Jang; but, elated by this success, the Chinese general allowed himself to be led into an ambuscade near Seoul and overthrown (1593).

[1914, Li Ung Bing, “The Ming Dynasty (Continued)”, in Joseph Whiteside, editor, Outlines of Chinese History, Shanghai: The Commercial Press, →OCLC, page 251

It was not merely distaste for court life at Ch’ang An that urged the emperor to make war upon this country. China had substantial grievances against the peninsula kingdom. In the year a.d. 642 P’ing Jang, the Korean capital, had been convulsed by a revolution more sanguinary and more successful than that which had menaced the Chinese court.

[1933, “The Korean War and the Closing Years a.d. 645–50”, in Son of Heaven: A Biography of Li Shih-Min, founder of the T’ang Dynasty, Cambridge University Press, published 1971, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 187

While both the Northeast and the Korean Peninsula were under the jurisdiction of Ho-pei Province, a Protectorate of An-tung was established at P'ing-jang to supervise the Peninsular states and two High Commanders were stationed at You-chou and P'ing-lu[…]

1934, Tung Chi Lin, Chinese Expansion to the Northeast: Methods and Mechanisms, University of California, →OCLC, page 37