Tien Shan

In Ilí, the tsiángkiun has authority over[...]the Mohammedans of the Eight cities in Ilí south of the Tien Shán, who are under resident ministers of different degrees.

[1851 June, Thomas Francis Wade, “The Army of the Chinese Empire”, in The Chinese Repository, volume XX, number 6, Canton, page 336

Pending the completion of the Sinkiang railroad, the region is served by a number of major land routes that have been transportation links since ancient times. They are the North Road (north of the Tien Shan) passing from Kansu through Urumchi and Wusu, where it bifurcates into two routes going to the Soviet Union.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of The Chinese People's Republic, Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 256

Work on the Tien Shan tunnel project at Tapancheng will also be advanced in the beginning of May.

1958, Survey of China Mainland Press, numbers 1762-1781, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29

In 1851, the Russians obtained important trade privileges on the Sino-Russian border and the right to establish factories and a Consulate at Kuldja north of the Tien Shan.

1964, G. J. Alder, British India's Northern Frontier 1865-1895: A Study in Imperial Policy, Longmans, Green & Co. Ltd., →OCLC, page 34

Situated in the Soviet Union and China, the Tien Shan is about 1,500 mi. (2,500 km.) long, trending generally west-southwest to east-northeast.

1968, Theodore Shabad, “TIEN SHAN”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 21, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1138, column 2