X-disease

US/ˈɛks.dɪ.ziz/

proper noun

Hyperkeratosis in cattle.

Meanings

proper noun
  1. Any of various diseases of plants or animals whose origin was at first a mystery, especially:
    1. Hyperkeratosis in cattle.

      In making a diagnosis of X-disease, one must consider the insidious onset, slow course, and number of animals affected.

      1949, United States. Animal Industry Bureau, Report of the Preliminary Survey on "X" Disease, page 10
      3 more examples

      At the time of its first occurrence, nothing was known about the cause of X-disease or whether it could be treated and cured.

      1954, United States. Agricultural Research Service, Hyperkeratosis (X-disease) of Cattle, page 5

      Crankcase oils may contain chlorinated naphthalenes, which have been reported to contribute to "X-disease" (hyperkeratosis) in cattle.

      1983, Comparison of Wood Preservatives in Stake Tests, page 128

      For example, a 1940s claim attributed to DDT, without a shred of evidence, a mysterious cattle disease known as X-disease (discussed further in appendix 4).

      2016, Donald Roberts, Richard Tren, Roger Bate, The Excellent Powder: DDT's Political and Scientific History, page 187
    2. A disease of stone fruits caused by a form of mycoplasma.

      Studies of the phytoplasma associated with choke cherry X-disease in North Dakota.

      1998, Dissertation Abstracts International, page 4544
      2 more examples

      Transmission of X-disease was more erratic with peach than with chokecherry buds, possibly because only low titers of the X-disease mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) are present in infected peach trees during most of the year.

      1977, The Plant Disease Reporter, page 1024

      A number of other yellows diseases of trees are of major importance throughout the world either because of local impact or widespread distribution. Among these are Prunus X-disease, pear decline, elm phloem necrosis, apple proliferation, the witches'—broom diseases of paulownia and jujube, and the greening and stubborn diseases of citrus.

      2012, Karl Maramorosch, Mycoplasma Diseases of Trees and Shrubs, page 35

Origin

From the convention of using "X" as a variable to stand for something unknown.

Full word history & related roots →
Cite this entry
APA

X-disease. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/X-disease

MLA

“X-disease.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/X-disease. Accessed November 4, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “X-disease,” accessed November 4, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/X-disease.

Source: X-disease on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.