constructed language

plural constructed languages

1. Any language—whether a human language, a programming language, or markup language—that is not a natural language.

   So if the constructed language is machine code, that is very fine, because the syntax (the grammar) is very simple and the meaning of each instruction can be verified [...]

   1972, Maurice Marois, Man and Computer: Proceedings, S. Karger, page 120

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   Considering the versatility of natural language, it is indeed astonishing that constructed languages like algebra and programming languages were introduced and became successful.

   1974, Enid Mumford, Harold Sackman, International Federation for Information Processing, Human Choice and Computers: Proceedings of the IFIP Conference on Human Choice and Computers, Vienna, April 1–5, 1974, North-Holland Pub. Co., →ISBN, page 19

   Among the kinds of expressive vocabularies that a speaker or writer may employ are emotional, moral, religious, aesthetic, scientific, technical, logical, mathematical, natural language, and constructed language (such as programming language or indexing language) vocabularies.

   2010, Alex Scott, What Is Expression? How a Formal Theory Can Clarify the Expressive Possibilities of Language, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 107

2. human sciencesA human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language.

   [...] Unas Language from the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 is a simplistic constructed language that lends itself to quick, sharp sentences.

   2008, Inc Icon Group International, Repeat: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases, ICON Group International, →ISBN, page 587

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   The first practical constructed language was the south-west German Pastor Schleyer's Volapük from 1879; its complicated grammar and irregular vocabulary made learning difficult, however. The most successful has been Esperanto, devised by the Warsaw ophthalmologist Ludwig Zamenhof in 1887, that today can count some one million speakers.

   2004, Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Language

   Synonyms: artificial language, conlang, conlanguage, planned language

3. archaichuman sciencesAny language used by people, as opposed to less civilized means of communication, such as the socialization between animals.

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   It has been said that— when I made the observation, that if they were not married they ought to be—I endeavoured to stab their reputation. Now, I'll prove that I endeavoured to do nothing of the sort. [...] I'll prove it by logic, and I defy all the mathematicians in the habitable globe to known it down. I'll prove it by the regular mathematical construction of the English language, and will any man tell me there's any constructed language in the universe more mathematically regular than that?

   1844, Henry Cockton, Sylvester Sound, the somnambulist, pages 203–204

   Who does not understand, as single parts of speech, all the common combinations which serve to connect and carry on construction, such as in-consequence-of, on-this-account, [...], and the like? Indeed, we are entitled to say of ordinary common-place speakers, that as they scarcely use constructed language except in forms already existing, so, with them, each thought finds an immediate sign in some familiar sentence; but then, be it observed, the parts which compose the sign have ceased to be separately significant: the sentences so used have been brought back to the condition of original or natural language, that of exclamations, — they have ceased to be logical, by having become purely rhetorical.

   1855, Benjamin Humphrey Smart, Thought and Language..., Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, page 165

   What we ordinarily term language is made up of vocal signs of an arbitrary character, with corresponding written signs. As general principles are recognized in the construction and arrangement of these signs, we see at once the reason that brutes have no artificial language — that is, no sign that are agreed upon as expressive of ideas. They do indeed have a natural language, made up of natural signs, cries, and motions, which vary in different tribes of animals; but artificial, that is, constructed language, is a wholly different thing, although it may incorporate into itself features from natural language. The parrot is indeed said to talk, but it is sheer imitation; and he never originates any language.

   1867, David King, The British Harbinger, David King, page 384