folium

plural foliums · plural folia

1. countablerareuncountableA leaf.

   278.0 common walnut-tree folium

   1994, Tamás Fazekas, Béla Selmeczi, Pál Stefanovits, Magnesium in Biological Systems, page 281

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   In conclusion, under the recommended use conditions Uva-ursi folium is a safe therapeutic option for treating lower urinary tract infections.

   2013, Susana Garcia de Arriba, Belal Naser, and Klaus-Ulrich Nolte, “Risk Assessment of Free Hydroquinone Derived from Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi folium Herbal Preparations”, in International Journal of Toxicology, volume 32, number 6

   The fire is stoked by blowing through a hollow cane made from the folium of the tucum palm.

   2016, Gustavo Politis, Nukak: Ethnoarchaeology of an Amazonian People, pages 7-15

2. countableuncountableA leaf (2 pages) of a codex or manuscript.

   On f. 1 the second scribe has written an anukramajikā (on the left is noted the folium number, on the right the adhyāya number):

   2003, Mahārājā Mānasiṃha Pustaka Prakāśa, David Edwin Pingree, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Astronomical Manuscripts Preserved at the Maharja Man Singh II Museum in Jaipur, India, page 125

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   But Barwick and Robinson both investigated V, and inform us that V leaves almost a full folium vacant (only the first two lines of folium 227 being occupied by the text before the lacuna).

   1979, California Studies in Classical Antiquity - Volume 12, page 225

   However, the columns of the uncial manuscripts should be seen as elements in a text block on the folium for they betray the cannons in vogue for writing the codex as it is possible to verify from a continuing tradition.

   2001, Alan David Crown, Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts, page 74

   Thus the order of the folia originating in the Archimedean codex is known, but the order of the text does not show where one quire began and how many folia were bound into one quire.

   2013, Nathan Sidoli, Glen Van Brummelen, From Alexandria, Through Baghdad, page 220

3. countableuncountableA document that acts as the legal record of a transaction.

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   Giving tallies was a royal mode of contracting debts by our early sovereigns, as Exchequer bills have been the means of raising loans in our times: indeed, the Exchequer bill was the counter-tally, or folium of the tally; and the court of Exchequer has existed in its late order since the days of Edward I., by whom it was regulated and reduced from the institution of the ancient Norman Exchequer, introduced here by William the Conqueror.

   1834 November 8, “Tallies”, in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, number 690, page 326

   1. countableespeciallyuncountablebusinessA certificate of title.

      There may nevertheless be a separate certificate and folium for any derived estate deed.

      1872, Registration of Title (Australian Colonies), page 6464

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      When this occurs, the existing declaration of title or conveyance is cancelled, the existing folium of the record closed, a fresh declaration of title issued to the new proprietor, and a new folium opened in the record book, upon which are carried forward the memorials of all lesser estates, interests, and charges affecting the land, and continuing current at the time of recording the change of ownership of the freehold.

      1872, Edward Jenkins, Discussions on Colonial Questions, page 59

      The duplicate certificates are bound into a register and each forms a distinct folium of the register of one or more pages, for recording all dealings affecting the land, whether fee simple, lesser estate, mortgage, charge or interest, whether subsisting at the time the certificate is issued or subsequently created.

      1899, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Session of the Texas Bar Association, page 24

      Where land is the subject of frequent dealings, a stage is reached at which the folium of the land-register becomes incapable of holding further endorsements.

      1961, John Baalman, The Singapore Torrens Systems, page 65

4. countableuncountableA thin sheet or plate of a foliated rock or mineral.

   The folia of quartz are longer, thinner, and more uniform in thickness.

   1887, Charles Callaway, “A Preliminary Inquiry into the Genesis of the Crystalline Schists of the Mavern Hills”, in The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, page 529

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   By varying the supposed angle of the tilt, our previously inclined folia can be thrown into any angle between 26 degrees, which is the least possible angle, and 90 degrees; but if a small inclination be thus given to them, their point of dip will depart far from the north, and therefore not accord with the actual position of the folia of mica-schist on our granitic range.

   1846, Charles Darwin, Geological Observations on South America

   The contacts between ore and schist are as a rule extremely sharp, in places cutting across the folia of the schist, and sharp fragments of schist are here and there inclosed by ore.

   1949, Edson S. Bastin, “The Gold Log Mine, Talladega County, Alabama”, in Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, page 160

5. countableuncountableanatomyA lobe on a branching structure.

   The folia are short, free or fused at the tips to form a ring of imperforate umbilical piles.

   2018, Marcelle K. Boudaugher-Fadel, Evolution and Geological Significance of Larger Benthic Foraminifera, page 433

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   The folia of these project considerably beyond the level of the soft cœnenchyma, and produce a very rugose appearance.

   1906, John Arthur Thomson, William Dawson Henderson, James J. Simpson, An Account of the Alcyonarians Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean, page 230

   The folium represents the second largest gross morphologic unit of the human kidney in those protolobes that are undivided and the third largest unit in subdivided protolobes in which the lobes are present.

   1988, Gábor Inke, The Protolobar Structure of the Human Kidney, page 375

   1. countableuncountableanatomyA leaf-like protrusion or lobule on one of the vermes of the cerebellum.

      The vermis portion of lobule C₃ remains small, and still consists of only one folium.

      1904, The Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, Normal and Pathological, page 465

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      These diverge so sharptly from each other that they almost form a right angle with the parent stem, and they run parallel to the long axis of the folium, threading their way between the branches of the various dendritic planes of the cells of Purkinje and entering into contact association with them.

      1905, Daniel John Cunningham, Text-book of anatomy, page 514

      The cells are flattened in a direction transverse to the long axis of the folium, and thus appear broad in sections carried across the folium, and fusiform in sections parallel to the long axis of the folium.

      1918, Henry Gray, Robert Howden, Anatomy, Descriptive and Applied, page 781

      A cerebellara folium is composed of a central core of white matter covered with a layer of grey matter.

      1956, Wilfrid Edward Le Gros Clark, Archibald Durward, The Anatomy of the Nervous System, page 913

6. countableuncountablegeometryA curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite branches having a common asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop.

   These circular cubics are Newton's defective hyperbolae, with a diameter, species 39, 41, 45; the ampullate cubic represents the folium of the unipartite quartic, and the ampaniform the bipartite quartic.

   1881, Henry M. Jeffery, “On Bicircular Quartics, with a Triple and Double Focus, and Three Single Foci, all of them Collinear.”, in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, volume 12, page 22

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   I have argued that the real threat the Unruh effect poses to fundamental partical interpretation lies in its suggestion that physically reasonable states outrun the folium of any single irreducible Fock space representation.

   2011, Laura Ruetsche, Interpreting Quantum Theories, page 222

7. uncountableSynonym of turnsole (“purple dye”).

   The major initial on folio 12, however, contains a folium-colored ground, and green ink appears prominently.

   1995, John Block Friedman, Northern English Books, page 90

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   Folium is thus described . "Folium is used for dying cloths and is a red colour, and another kind is purple, and another is blue.

   1847, Theophilus (Presbyter), An essay upon various arts, tr., with notes, by R. Hendrie, page 58

   The "folium" of the Greek illuminators was procured from plants growing abudantly near Athens, while that of the Hiberno-Saxon Scribes was obtained from the "norma" or "gorma" of the Celts.

   1860, William Robert Tymms, M. Digby Wyatt, The Art of Illuminating as Practised in Europe from the Earliest Times, page 68

   There is a strong probability that the violets of the san Paolo Bible were roduced by a mixture of folium and album.

   1981, Joachim E. Gaehde, The Painters of the Carolingian Bible Manuscript of San Paolo Fuori Le Mura in Rome, page 80

   Synonyms: turnsole

8. countableuncountablebiologyA symmetric pattern on the abdomen of some spiders.

   The folium of silvatica has a row of oblique black markings along the edge on each side, while in angulata it is evenly notched.

   1885, James Henry Emerton, New England Spiders of the Family Therididae - Volume 6, page 298

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   Abdomen subovate to subtriangular, longer than wide, dorsum with an inverted Christmas tree-like folium of brown and chalk-white bands, cardiac area brown, serving as Christmas tree base.

   1995, A. T. Barrion, J. A. Litsinger, Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia, page 631

   The abdomen usually has a flattened anterior edge and its pattern, if present, lacks the folium of Xysticus and is much less structured.

   2017, Lawrence Bee, Geoff Oxford, Helen Smith, Britain's Spiders: A Field Guide, page 371