historical materialism

noun

A methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history, looking for the causes of developments and changes in human society in the means by which humans collectively produce the necessities of life.

Opposite
historical idealism

Meanings

nounhistorical materialism (uncountable)
  1. MarxismuncountableA methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history, looking for the causes of developments and changes in human society in the means by which humans collectively produce the necessities of life.
    2 more examples

    Statt dessen aber dient die Phrase des historischen Materialismus (man kann eben alles zur Phrase machen) nur zu vielen jüngeren Deutschen nur dazu, ihre eignen relativ dürftigen historischen Kenntnisse - die ökonomische Geschichte liegt ja noch in den Windeln! - schleunigst systematisch zurechtzukonstruieren und sich dann sehr gewaltig vorzukommen.

    1967 [1890 August 5], “Engels an Conrad Schmidt in Berlin”, in Marx-Engels-Werke, volume 37, page 437; translated as “Engels to Conrad Schmidt in Berlin”, in Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 49, translation of original in German, 2001, page 8

    And, thus, I hope even British respectability will not be overshocked if I use, in English as well as in so many other languages, the term "historical materialism", to designate that view of the course of history which seeks the ultimate cause and the great moving power of all important historic events in the economic development of society, in the changes in the modes of production and exchange, in the consequent division of society into distinct classes, and in the struggles of these classes against one another.

    1892, Friedrich Engels, “Socialism: Utopian and Scientific”, in Marxists Internet Archive, 1892 English Edition Introduction (General Introduction and the History of Materialism)

Synonyms & antonyms

Opposite
historical idealism

Origin

  1. Germanhistorischer Materialismus
  2. Englishhistorical materialism

Calque of German historischer Materialismus. Its earliest extant attestation - in German - is in Friedrich Engels's letter [5 August 1890] to Conrad Schmidt. Its earliest extant public attestation - in English - is in Engels's 1892 "Introduction to the English Edition" to his 1880 booklet Socialism: Utopian and Scientific.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Arabic مادية تاريخية
  • مادية تاريخيةTranslations
Basque materialismo historiko
  • materialismo historikoTranslations
Bengali ঐতিহাসিক বস্তুবাদ
  • ঐতিহাসিক বস্তুবাদ (ōitihaśik bostubad)Translations
Bulgarian исторически материализъм
  • исторически материализъм (istoričeski materializăm)Translations
Catalan materialisme històric
  • materialisme històricTranslations
Chinese Mandarin 歷史唯物主義 /历史唯物主义
  • 歷史唯物主義 /历史唯物主义 (lìshǐ wéiwù zhǔyì)Translations
Czech historický materialismus
  • historický materialismusTranslations
Danish historisk materialisme
  • historisk materialismeTranslations
Dutch historisch materialisme
  • historisch materialismeTranslations
Esperanto historia materiismo
  • historia materiismoTranslations
Estonian ajalooline materialism
  • ajalooline materialismTranslations
Finnish materialistinen historiankäsitys
  • materialistinen historiankäsitysTranslations
French matérialisme historique
  • matérialisme historiqueTranslations
German historischer Materialismus
  • historischer MaterialismusTranslations
Greek ιστορικός υλισμός
  • ιστορικός υλισμός (istorikós ylismós)Translations
Hebrew מטריאליזם היסטורי
  • מטריאליזם היסטוריTranslations
Hindi ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद
  • ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद (aitihāsik bhautikvād)Translations
Icelandic söguleg efnishyggja
  • söguleg efnishyggjaTranslations
Italian materialismo storico
  • materialismo storicoTranslations
Japanese 唯物史観
  • 唯物史観Translations
Lithuanian istorinis materializmas
  • istorinis materializmasTranslations
Norwegian historisk materialisme
  • historisk materialismeTranslations
Polish materializm historyczny
  • materializm historycznyTranslations
Portuguese materialismo histórico
  • materialismo históricoTranslations
Punjabi ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਪਦਾਰਥਵਾਦ
  • ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਪਦਾਰਥਵਾਦ (itihāsak padārthavād)Translations
Russian исторический материализм
  • исторический материализм (istoričeskij materializm)Translations
Slovak historický materializmus
  • historický materializmusTranslations
Spanish materialismo histórico
  • materialismo históricoTranslations
Swedish historisk materialism
  • historisk materialismTranslations
Turkish tarihsel materyalizm
  • tarihsel materyalizmTranslations
Ukrainian історичний матеріалізм
  • історичний матеріалізм (istoryčnyj materializm)Translations
Vietnamese chủ nghĩa duy vật lịch sử
  • chủ nghĩa duy vật lịch sửTranslations
Welsh materoliaeth hanesyddol
  • materoliaeth hanesyddolTranslations
Cite this entry
APA

historical materialism. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/historical%20materialism

MLA

“historical materialism.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/historical%20materialism. Accessed November 4, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “historical materialism,” accessed November 4, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/historical%20materialism.

Source: historical materialism on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.