K'o-shih

The Kucha group includes the three hsien of Yen-ch’i, Kucha, and Aqsu. The people of these places are peaceful, and besides engaging in agriculture, have handicraft trades. The Kashgar group includes all the counties of K’o-shih Ch’ü. This is the principal center of the Ch’an Hui, who are Mohammedan merchants and farmers. The people of this group and of that at Khotan are very patient and so are excellent at handicraft work.

1944, Martin R. Norins, quoting Sheng Shih-ts’ai yü Hsin Hsin-chiang, “The Racial Question of Sinkiang”, in Gateway to Asia: Sinkiang, Frontier of the Chinese Far West, John Day Company, →OCLC, page 143

Kashgar is the largest city of the Tarim basin, situated also near the Soviet border. Its Chinese official name is K'o-shih, an abbreviated form of K'o-shih-k'a-erh, the phonetic rendering of Kashgar. Prior to 1950, Kashgar was known as Shufu. The city has a population of about 75,000, predominantly Uigur in ethnic composition. It is a center for trade in cotton, silk and sheepskins.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of The Chinese People's Republic, Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 257

A fourth route, of no practical logistical import, is the Sinkiang-Tibet highway route. This route extends from Kashgar (K'o-shih) in Sinkiang to Gartok in extreme western Tibet. This portion of the road is considered to be fair weather with the exact width unknown. From Gartok two routes of limited motorability extend to Zhikatse and Nagchhu Dzong (Hei-ho). The route from Gartok to Nagchhu Dzong, a point on the Lan-chou to Lhasa route, is thought to be little more than a course marked across the plateau and of no logistical value. Although motor vehicles have been operated between Gartok and Zhikatse, this route is of questionable motorability and of no logistical value.

late 1950s, LOGISTICAL PROBLEMS OF THE TIBETAN CAMPAIGN, page 7

The K'o-tzu-lo-su Kirghiz chou bordered on the K'o-shih chuan-ch'ü and its seat at A-t'u-shih was only twenty-five kilometers from K'o-shih shih.

1963, Henry Guenter Schwarz, Policies and Administration of Minority Areas in Northwest China and Inner Mongolia, 1949-1959, volume 2 (PhD Thesis), University of Wisconsin, →OCLC, page 338

Kashgar (K'o-shih), about 110 miles from the border, with a population of over 100,000, is the largest city in West Sinkiang as well as a road center. One road leading south continues into Tibet by way of the Aksai Chin area which has been disputed with India. Like Yarkand, Aksu (A-k'o-su or Wen-su), and Khotan (Ho-T'ien), Kashgar is situated in an oasis--the largest in Sinkiang.

1971 March 19, Jesse Wang, The Military Significance of the Sino-Soviet Border in Central Asia, United States Army War College, →OCLC, page 15