Kulangsu

Sir William Parker and Sir Hugh Gough agreed that a simultaneous attack must be made upon the fortifications of the two islands of Amoy and Kulangsu; that in each case a frontal attack was to be made by the navy, while the land forces made an attempt to carry the batteries in reverse. We shall follow, in the first place, the fortunes of the attack on Kulangsu.

1903, Robert S. Rait, The Life And Campaigns Of Hugh, First Viscount Gough, Field-Marshal, volume I, Archibald Constable & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 210

The Fukien authorities in their memorials made no mention of any promise to Gribble: barbarians were residing on Kulangsu until the indemnity should be paid up, but formal permission for permanent consular residence was another matter, which they referred to the imperial commissioner. Pottinger supported Gribble’s request, but Ch’i-ying throughout 1844 consistently and strongly supported the provincial authorities in objecting to the threatened use of Kulangsu for residential purposes after its military evacuation, fearing that this would really prevent Chinese recovery of the island.

1953, John King Fairbank, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842–1854, paperback edition, Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, published 1969, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 202