Pingrang

alternative P'ing-jang · alternative Pingjang

1. rareSynonym of Pyongyang: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name (capital city of North Korea).

   When this situation was going on, a general called Lai Huer who was prepared to attack Gaoli by water route from Pingrang came to rescue after he heard that Yang Xuangan attempted to attack the capital.

   唐代文明与新闻传播

   2020 [2014], Bin Li, “Capital Liaison Office and Ancient Postal System”, in Communication, Civilization and China: Discovering the Tang Dynasty (618-907) [唐代文明与新闻传播], →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 37–38

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   When the Japanese armies captured Pingrang on 15th September, they discovered that 35 good field guns were left behind, together with hundreds of magazine rifles and hundreds more of breechloaders. The amount of ammunition captured was also enormous.⁴⁷ If the spoils were already so substantial, the quantity of effective weapons the Chinese possessed in Pingrang was certainly impressive.

   1996 October, Allen Fung, “Testing the Self-Strengthening: The Chinese Army in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895”, in Modern Asian Studies, volume 30, number 4, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 1017; republished as Kenneth Swope, editor, Warfare in China Since 1600, 2017, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=vgkkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT210

   The mid period is dated from the 22nd year (3 CE) of the reign of the Liuliming King 琉璃明王 (King Ruliu 孺留王) of Gaogouli, when the capital was moved from Heshenggu city to the hinterland (Guonei 國内) and the construction of the capital Yunayancheng 尉那岩城 began, to the year 427, when the Changshou King 長壽王 moved the capital to Pingrang 平壤 (Pyongyang) on the Datong 大同 (Taedong) river.[…] The later Gaogouli period begins with the move of the capital to the later Pingrang (Pyongyang) in 427 and later Pingrang became the centre of a group of urban complexes on the lower reaches of the Taedong river known as "the three cities and one palace", namely Pingrang-cheng, Huangcheng 黄城, Chang'an-cheng 長安城 and Anhe-gong 安鶴宫[palace]. The Pingrang-cheng city site has a circumference of 23 km and covers an area of 1,850,000 sq m.

   高句麗的城邑制度與都城

   1999 April, “The system of walled towns and the capitals of Gaogouli (Koguryo) [高句麗的城邑制度與都城]”, in China Archaeology and Art Digest, volume 3, number 1, sourced from Wang Mianhou [王綿厚], The system of walled towns and the capitals of Gaogouli (Koguryo) [高句麗的城邑制度與都城], Liaohai Cultural Relics Journal [遼海文物學刊], 1997:2, pp 89-103, 114, →ISSN, →OCLC, Synopses Architecture, pages 95, 96

   China lost one battle after another. On land China lost at Pingrang (Pyongyang) in September 1894.[…] For instance, an illustration in the Dianshizhai huabao shows the battle at the Datong river near Pingrang in September 1894 (Figure 6).

   2014 April, Judith Fröhlich, “Pictures of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895”, in War in History, volume 21, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, pages 217, 233

   Andong Protectorate (安東都護府) which had been created in Gaogouli's capital Pingrang (平壤) was moved to Liaodong gucheng (遼東古城) in 676 and Xincheng (新城) in 677, and the governments-general of Xiongjin (熊津都督府, Xiongjin Dudufu) was moved to Jian'an gucheng (建安古城).

   이춘복

   2020, Chun-Bok Lee [이춘복], “A Study on the Changes of the Frontier Prefectures as Contact Zones in the Tang Dynasty: Expansion and Reduction of the Tang-Tibetan Bianzhou”, in Yong-ku Cha, editor, The Borderlands of China and Korea: Historical Changes in the Contact Zones of East Asia, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 212

   Synonyms: Pyongyang