Ryanggang

Hyesan. The capital of the Ryanggang Province. Material was taken in a gorge, about 1000 m a.s.l., by the River Tuman-gang (China boundary) north-east of Hyesan (1 June).

1984, Zbigniew Szyndlar, “A description of a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea with notes on the distribution of the herpetofauna in that country”, in Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, volume 27, number 1, →ISBN Invalid ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4

The consequences of this are predictably twofold: regional inequalities (reflecting unequal endowments and/or political clout); and sectoral imbalances as light industry (and hence the provinces) struggle to make ends meet. Rare quantitative data indicating as much can be found in a Soviet source (Trigubenko 1985: 127), which compares trends in provincial revenue and expenditure between 1980 and 1984. Overall, both sides of the ledger declined in the early 1980s in every province except one (Ryanggang). This did not stop central government increasing its exactions by 20 per cent over the same period. By region, while the Pyongan provinces look particularly squeezed, both Pyongyang itself and the Hamyong provinces seem to have held the line in terms of cuts.

1993, “North Korea in Pacific Asia”, in Chris Dixon, David Drakakis-Smith, editors, Economic and Social Development in Pacific Asia, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 212

In February 2005, Jilin Province’s Changbai County collaborated with Shandong’s Zhaojin Group to invest RMB 200 million in mining equipment in the Hyesan Youth Copper Mine in Ryanggang. The Hyesan Youth Copper Mine is one of the largest copper mines in Asia and its copper grade is 16 percent, double that of Northeast China.

2015, Lin Jinsu, “Evaluating North Korea's Economic Policy in the 2000s—Economic Cooperation with China Is an Inevitable Choice”, in Carla P. Freeman, editor, China and North Korea: Strategic and Policy Perspectives from a Changing China, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 218

Darlene Tymo, the WFP’s country director in North Korea, said that although official statistics from the North Korean government are not out yet, the main harvest of the year is believed to have been worse than last year and that could mean especially remote and impoverished areas — particularly the mountainous provinces of Chagang and Ryanggang along the border with China — could be looking at a harsher than usual winter ahead.

2015 December 4, Eric Talmadge, “North Korea hunkers down for harsh winter”, in AP News, archived from the original on 02 Sep 2023

Since Pyongyang’s centralized economic planning and distribution collapsed in 1990s, North Korean people have had to seek alternate sources of income away from state-assigned jobs and official food rations. “If you just follow instructions coming from the state, you starve to death,” a woman from Ryanggang Province in North Korea, was quoted as saying in the report.

2019 May 28, Min Joo Kim, “North Koreans struggle to survive amid corruption and crackdowns on markets, says U.N. report”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 28 May 2019, Asia & Pacific