dock

dock · noun¹

1. Proto-Indo-European · inherited from*dʰew-“dark”
2. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*dukkǭ
3. Proto-West Germanic · inherited from*dokkā
4. Old English · inherited fromdocce
5. Middle English · inherited fromdokke
6. English todaydock

From Middle English dokke, from Old English docce, from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā, from Proto-Germanic *dukkǭ (compare Old Danish dokke (“water-dock”), West Flemish dokke, dokkebladeren (“coltsfoot, butterbur”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“dark”) (compare Latvian duga (“scum, slime on water”)).

dock · noun, verb²

1. Proto-Indo-European · inherited from*dʰeu-k-“to spin, shake”
2. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*dukkǭ
3. Proto-West Germanic · inherited from*dokkā
4. Old English · inherited from*docce
5. Middle English · inherited fromdok“trimmed hair, dock”
6. English todaydock

A dog with a partially docked (etymology 2, verb sense 1) tail From Middle English dok (“trimmed hair, dock”), from Old English *docce, *docca (as in fingerdocce (“finger muscles”)), from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā, from Proto-Germanic *dukkǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeu-k- (“to spin, shake”). Compare Icelandic dokkur (“stumpy tail”), Low German Dokke (“bundle of straw”), West Frisian dok (“bunch, ball (twine)”), Albanian dak (“big ram”), Lithuanian dvė̃kti (“to breathe, wheeze”), dvãkas (“breath”), Sanskrit धुक्षति (dhukṣati, “to blow”). The verb is from Middle English dokken (“to cut short, dock, curtail”), derived from the noun.

dock · noun, verb³

1. Old Norse · derived fromdǫkk
2. Middle Dutch · derived fromdocke“port, harbour”
3. Middle Low German · borrowed fromdocke“dock, wharf”
4. Dutch · borrowed fromdok“dock, wharf”
5. English todaydock

A laptop docking (etymology 3, noun sense 5) station A GUI dock (etymology 3, noun sense 6) on Linux From Early Modern English meaning "area of mud in which a ship can rest at low tide, dock", borrowed from either Dutch dok (“dock, wharf”) or Middle Low German docke (“dock, wharf”), both from Middle Dutch docke (“port, harbour”), of uncertain origin. The original sense may have been "the furrow a grounded vessel makes in a mud bank". Compare Danish dok, Dutch dok, West Frisian dok, German Dock, Low German Dock, Swedish docka. Some sources link this word to an unattested Middle Dutch *docke (“watercourse, trench, canal”), which is a ghost word, only being inferred from Mediaeval Latin documents in the form of ducta, doctus, doccia (“conduit, canal”). However, if this theory is correct, then it would relate the word to Italian doccia (“drainpipe”), making dock a doublet of douche and duct. An alternative theory ties Middle Dutch docke to a North Germanic or Scandinavian source, notably Old Norse dǫkk, dökð (“depression in the landscape, pit, pool, trench”); compare Icelandic dökk, Norwegian dokk (“hollow, low ground”), Swedish dank (“marshy ground”). If so, this would make dock a doublet of dank.

dock · noun⁴

1. Middle Dutch · derived fromdocke“block, wooden object”
2. English todaydock

Originally criminal slang; from or akin to obsolete Dutch (West Flemish) dok (“cage, hutch”) or docke (“cage”), possibly from Middle Dutch docke (“block, wooden object”), related to Middle Low German docke (“tenon, banister rod, bench cheek, side panel of a pew”), of uncertain origin.

Dock · proper noun⁵

1. Proto-Germanic · derived from*dankwaz“dark”
2. Old Norse · derived fromdǫkk“pit, depression”
3. English todayDock

* As an English surname, possibly from the noun duck. * As a Norwegian surname, from Old Norse dǫkk (“pit, depression”), from Proto-Germanic *dankwaz (“dark”). * As a German surname, spelling variant of Docke, related to the noun Tuch (“cloth, piece of fabric”).

Words from the same roots