in-

in- · prefix¹

1. Proto-Indo-European · inherited from*h₁én
2. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*in
3. Old English · inherited fromin-“in, into”
4. Middle English · inherited fromin-
5. English todayin-

PIE word *h₁én Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Germanic *in Proto-West Germanic *in Old English in Old English in- Middle English in- English in- From Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. More at in.

in- · prefix²

1. Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
2. Proto-Italic*en
3. Proto-Italic*en-
4. Latinin-
5. Middle Englishin-
6. English todayin-

From Middle English in-, borrowed (in words of Latinate origin) from Latin in-, from Latin in, from Proto-Indo-European *en (cognate to Germanic in-, above). Often borrowed from French in- (e.g. incise, incite, incline, indication), or as French en-, originally from Latin in.

in- · prefix³

1. Latin · derived fromin-“not”
2. Middle English · inherited fromin-
3. English todayin-

PIE word *né From Middle English in-, borrowed (in words of latinate origin) from Latin in- (“not”). Sometimes the Latin word has passed through French before reaching English (e.g. incapable, incertainty, inclement, incompatible). Doublet of un-.

Words from the same roots