-th

/-θ/

suffix

Used to form nouns from verbs of action.

“bear + -th → birth”

Meanings

-th1

suffix

alternative -t

  1. idiomaticUsed to form nouns from verbs of action.

    bear + -th → birth

    3 more examples

    grow + -th → growth

    heal + -th → health

    steal + -th → stealth

    Synonyms: -ing, -ation

  2. now only productive in informal wordsUsed to form nouns of quality from adjectives.

    wide + -th → width

    4 more examples

    warm + -th → warmth

    long + -th → length

    deep + -th → depth

    strong + -th → strength

    Synonyms: -ness, -ity, -cy, -itude

-th2

suffix
  1. Used to form the ordinal numeral when the final term of the spelled number is not “first”, “second”, or “third”.

    the 4th/Fourth of July

    1 more example

    Washington’s first outpost of the California-born burger joint opened Wednesday after long anticipation and a few fake-outs (like the prank sign someone posted in Wallingford in June). Problem is, it’s located in Ridgefield, a suburb of Vancouver, Washington. […] Ridgefield is the 424th location.

    2025 August 21, Allison Williams, “I Braved Washington’s First In-N-Out Burger Line”, in Seattle Met, archived from the original on 28 Aug 2025
    1. mathematicsUsed to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.

      The nth term of a geometrical progression whose first term is a and common ratio is r is given by ar#123;n-1#125;.

  2. Used to form the denominator of a fraction.

    one seventh; three tenths

-th3

suffix
  1. archaicA variant of -eth, used to form the archaic third-person singular indicative present tense of verbs.

    do → doth

    3 more examples

    come → cometh

    have → hath

    say → saith

Synonyms & antonyms

suffixUsed to form nouns from verbs of action.

Similar

suffixUsed to form nouns of quality from adjectives.

Origin

-th · suffix

  1. Proto-Indo-European*-iteh₂
  2. Proto-Germanic*-iþō
  3. Old English-þ
  4. Middle English-the
  5. English-th

From Middle English -the, -th, -te, -t (abstract nominal suffix), from Old English -þ, -t, -þu, -tu, -þo, -to (“-th”, abstract nominal suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-iþō, from Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂. Cognate with Scots -th, West Frisian -te, Dutch -te, Low German -de, Danish -de, Swedish -d, Icelandic -ð, -d, Gothic -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), Latin -itās (“-ty, -ity”). See -ity, -t.

Full word history & related roots →

-th · suffix

  1. Old English-þa
  2. Middle English-the
  3. English-th

From Middle English -the, -th, -te, -t (ordinal suffix), from Old English -þa, -þe, -oþa, -oþe, derived from a Proto-Indo-European superlative suffix.

Full word history & related roots →

-th · suffix

  1. Old English-eþ
  2. Middle English-eth
  3. English-th

From Middle English -eth, -th, from Old English -eþ, -aþ, -þ.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Ancient Greek -τος
  • -τος (-tos)used to form the ordinal numeral
Catalan -è, -èsim
  • -èused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -èsimused to form the ordinal numeral
Chinese Cantonese 第……
  • 第…… (dai⁶...)used to form the ordinal numeral
Chinese Mandarin 第……
  • 第…… (dì...)used to form the ordinal numeral
Esperanto -a
  • -aused to form the ordinal numeral
Finnish -s
  • -sused to form the ordinal numeral
French -ième
  • -ièmeused to form the ordinal numeral
German -te, -ste
  • -teused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -steused to form the ordinal numeral
Hebrew ־י
  • ־יused to form the ordinal numeral
Hindi -वां
  • -वां (-vā̃)used to form the ordinal numeral
Indonesian ke-
  • ke-used to form the ordinal numeral
Irish -ú
  • -úused to form the ordinal numeral
Italian -esimo, -to (4, 5, 6)
  • -esimoused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -to (4, 5, 6)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • -imo (7, 10)used to form the ordinal numeral
Japanese 第..., ...目
  • 第... (dai...)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • ...目used to form the ordinal numeral
  • ...番目 (...banme)used to form the ordinal numeral
Korean -째, 제-
  • -째 (-jjae)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • 제- (je-)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • ~ 번째used to form the ordinal numeral
Latin -ēsimus, -ēnsimus
  • -ēsimusused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -ēnsimusused to form the ordinal numeral
Malay ک-, ke-
  • ک-used to form the ordinal numeral
  • ke-used to form the ordinal numeral
Persian ـم
  • ـم (-om)used to form the ordinal numeral
Polish -y, -ty
  • -yused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -tyused to form the ordinal numeral
Portuguese -ésimo, -to (4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, …)
  • -ésimoused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -to (4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, …)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • -avo (8, 18, 28, …)used to form the ordinal numeral
Russian -ый, -о́й
  • -ый (-yj)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • -о́й (-ój)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • -ий (-ij)used to form the ordinal numeral
Spanish -avo (8, 18, 28, ...), -imo (7, 10, 11, 12)
  • -avo (8, 18, 28, ...)used to form the ordinal numeral
  • -imo (7, 10, 11, 12)used to form the ordinal numeral
Swedish -te, -de
  • -teused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -deused to form the ordinal numeral
Tagalog ika-
  • ika-used to form the ordinal numeral
Thai ที่-
  • ที่- (tîi-)used to form the ordinal numeral
Turkish -inci, -nci
  • -inciused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -nciused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -ıncıused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -ncıused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -üncüused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -uncuused to form the ordinal numeral
Vietnamese thứ ...
  • thứ ...used to form the ordinal numeral
Welsh -fed, -ed
  • -fedused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -edused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -yddused to form the ordinal numeral
  • -eddused to form the ordinal numeral
Cite this entry
APA

-th. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 2, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/-th

MLA

“-th.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/-th. Accessed November 2, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “-th,” accessed November 2, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/-th.

Source: -th on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.