nadsat

Nad·sat
N1A1D2S1A1T1
UK/ˈnɑːdsət/US/ˈnɑdsət/

proper noun

The Russian-influenced argot used by the teenage protagonists in Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).

Scrabble 7

Meanings

nadsat1

proper noun
  1. Alternative letter-case form of Nadsat.
    2 more examples

    […] Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange, narrated by its teenage punk of a protagonist in an argot called nadsat, which is composed (a psychologist in the book explains) of "odd bits of rhyming slang. A bit of gypsy talk, too. But most of its roots are Slav." […] Despite the dazzling tour de force Burgess brings off, l have not included A Clockwork Orange in my discussion for several reasons. First, nadsat is primarily a parody of the exclusiveness and ephemerality of teenage slang: […]

    1974, Style, volume 8, Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 475

    Concocted from various sources including rhyming slang, modified Russian and Slavic vocabularies, and a dash of pure invention on Burgess's part, nadsat captivated [David] Bowie, particularly after he had heard it spoken aloud in Stanley Kubrick's celebrated film adaptation. […] Within days of seeing Kubrick's film in January 1972, David had incorporated the nadsat word "droog" (Russian for "friend", and the term given by Alex to his fellow hoodlums) into the lyric of his latest song 'Suffragette City'.

    2016, Nicholas Pegg, “[The Songs from A to Z] Girl Loves Me”, in The Complete David Bowie, new (7th) expanded and updated edition, London: Titan Books, →ISBN

Nadsat2

proper nounNadsat (plural Nadsats)

plural Nadsats · alternative nadsat

  1. The Russian-influenced argot used by the teenage protagonists in Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).First known use 1962

    The Iraqi Misinformation Minisiter speaks about ACO in Nadsat!

    2003 April 24, Alex Thrawn, “The Iraqi Misinformation Minisiter speaks about ACO in Nadsat!”, in alt.movies.kubrick (Usenet)
    3 more examples

    […] Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange, narrated by its teenage punk of a protagonist in an argot called nadsat, which is composed (a psychologist in the book explains) of "odd bits of rhyming slang. A bit of gypsy talk, too. But most of its roots are Slav." […] Despite the dazzling tour de force Burgess brings off, l have not included A Clockwork Orange in my discussion for several reasons. First, nadsat is primarily a parody of the exclusiveness and ephemerality of teenage slang: […]

    1974, Style, volume 8, Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 475

    In order to get a full sense of the effect of Burgess's and [Floriana] Bossi's respective Nadsats, it is necessary to examine a complex narrative unit of source and target texts. This will also enable the reader to appreciate the musicality of the original Nadsat.

    2011, Brigid Maher, “Apples and (Clockwork) Oranges: Intention, Invention and Intervention”, in Recreation and Style: Translating Humorous Literature in Italian and English (Benjamins Translation Library; 90), Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 121

    Nadsat has been called many things, such as a constructed language, slang, register, and sociolect. Its definition is not single layered since one could argue in favour of all the cases. In the introduction to the 1996 edition [of A Clockwork Orange], Blake Morrison refers to it as a language: […] However, it can be said that Nadsat is also a register since Alex is capable of speaking standard English when he wants to (with his parents at times, for example) […] Furthermore, Nadsat can also be defined as a 'sociolect' as this term stands for any language spoken by a particular social (sub)group and is based on social, cultural, economic and institutional criteria[…]. Nadsat is spoken (not written) by Alex, his group of friends and by other teenage subgroups; other characters in the novel (the doctors, government officials) use standard English words without Russian transliterations. Moreover, Nadsat can be viewed as slang since its vocabulary and expressions seem to be of inferior value in comparison with standard English.

    2017, Anna Bogic, “Anthony Burgess in French Translation: Still ‘as Queer as a Clockwork Orange’”, in Marc Jeannin, editor, Anthony Burgess and France, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, pages 219–220

Origin

  1. Russian-надцать“-teen”
  2. EnglishNadsat

Borrowed from Russian -надцать (-nadcatʹ, “-teen”). The word was coined by English author Anthony Burgess (1917–1993) in his 1962 dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Esperanto Nadsato
  • NadsatoRussian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)
German Nadsat
  • NadsatRussian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)
Japanese ナッドサット
  • ナッドサットRussian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)
Persian ندست
  • ندستRussian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)
Russian Надсат
  • Надсат (Nadsat)Russian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)
Swedish Nadsat
  • NadsatRussian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)
Ukrainian Надсат
  • Надсат (Nadsat)Russian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)

Rhymes & wordplay

Anagrams

Cite this entry
APA

nadsat. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/nadsat

MLA

“nadsat.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/nadsat. Accessed November 3, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “nadsat,” accessed November 3, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/nadsat.

Source: nadsat on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.