Yen-an

The main force of the Communist Army broke through the Nationalist cordon and fled by a circuitous route through the wilderness of Southwest China to the northwest province of Shensi where they established a new Soviet-type government at Yen-an.

1967, Frederic H. Chaffee, Area Handbook for Communist China, Government Printing Office, page 51

In 1935 the CCP's defeated army retreated to Yen-an in the northern part of Shanhsi Province. This retreat was called the Long March, during which tens of thousands of marchers died.

2000, George C. Y. Wang, Taiwan (World Conflicts and Confrontations), volume 3, Salem Press, Inc., →ISBN, page 662

The annihilation campaigns proved failures and the Chinese Communists escaped to begin their epic Long March, a trek of a year's duration (1934-35) to the northwest to Yen-an (Yan'an) north of Sian. En route, at Tsunyi (Zunyi), out of contact with Moscow, they elected Mao Tse-tung as their leader and accepted his Sinified version of Marxism, Mao Tse-tung Thought, as their ideology. The remnants of the party, on arrival in Yen-an, lived in caves, licked their wounds, and set about building a party and army structure based on Mao's view that the leading revolutionary class in China was the peasantry.

2013, Brian L. Evans, The Remarkable Chester Ronning: Proud Son of China, University of Alberta Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 101