empirical

em·pi·ri·cal
E1M3P3I1R1I1C3A1L1
Canada, US, UK/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/Canada, US, UK/ɛmˈpɪɹɪkəl/

adjective

Pertaining to or based on experience, as opposed to theory.

“demonstrable with empirical evidence”

CommonScrabble 15

Meanings

adjectiveempirical (comparative more empirical, superlative most empirical)

comparative more empirical · superlative most empirical

  1. Pertaining to or based on experience, as opposed to theory.

    The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade.

    2 more examples

    For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test.

    The village carpenter […] lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.

    1861, Herbert Spencer, Education

    Antonyms: theoretical

  2. Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses.
  3. human sciencesVerifiable by means of scientific experimentation.

    demonstrable with empirical evidence

    Antonyms: anecdotal, theoretical

nounempirical (plural empiricals)

plural empiricals

  1. A measurement or result achieved by empirical means.

Synonyms & antonyms

adjectivePertaining to or based on experience, as opposed to theory.

Opposite

adjectiveVerifiable by means of scientific experimentation.

Similar
Opposite

More synonyms by meaning

adjectivederived from experiment and observation rather than theory

Opposite

adjectiverelying on medical quackery

Similar

Synonym sets from Open English WordNet, CC BY 4.0.

Origin

  1. Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
  2. Ancient Greekἐν (en)
  3. Ancient Greekἐν- (en-)
  4. Proto-Indo-European*per-
  5. Proto-Indo-European*périh₂
  6. Proto-Hellenic*péřřa
  7. Ancient Greekπεῖρα (peîra)
  8. Ancient Greekἔμπειρος (émpeiros)
  9. Ancient Greekἐμπειρία (empeiría)
  10. Ancient Greekἐμπειρῐκός (empeirĭkós)
  11. Latinempīricu
  12. Englishempiric
  13. Proto-Indo-European*h₂el-
  14. Proto-Indo-European*h₂élisder.?
  15. Englishempirical

From empiric + -al.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Arabic تَجْرِيبِيّ, تَجْرِيبِيّ
  • تَجْرِيبِيّ (tajrībiyy)pertaining to or based on experience
  • تَجْرِيبِيّ (tajrībiyy)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
Bulgarian опитен, емпиричен
  • опитен (opiten)pertaining to or based on experience
  • емпиричен (empiričen)pertaining to or based on experience
  • емпиричен (empiričen)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • емпиричен (empiričen)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Catalan empíric
  • empíricpertaining to or based on experience
Chinese Mandarin 經驗 /经验, 實證 /实证
  • 經驗 /经验 (jīngyàn)pertaining to or based on experience
  • 實證 /实证 (shízhèng)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Czech empirický
  • empirickýverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Danish empirisk
  • empiriskpertaining to or based on experience
Dutch empirisch, empirisch
  • empirischpertaining to or based on experience
  • empirischpertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • empirischverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Esperanto empiria
  • empiriapertaining to or based on experience
Finnish kokemusperäinen, empiirinen
  • kokemusperäinenpertaining to or based on experience
  • empiirinenpertaining to or based on experience
  • kokeellinenpertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • empiirinenpertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • kokeellinenverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
  • empiirinenverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
French empirique
  • empiriquepertaining to or based on experience
German empirisch, erfahrungsgemäß
  • empirischpertaining to or based on experience
  • erfahrungsgemäßpertaining to or based on experience
  • empirischpertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • empirischverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Greek εμπειρικός, εμπειρικός
  • εμπειρικός (empeirikós)pertaining to or based on experience
  • εμπειρικός (empeirikós)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
Hindi अनुभवजन्य, तजरबी
  • अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya)pertaining to or based on experience
  • तजरबी (tajarbī)pertaining to or based on experience
  • तजुर्बी (tajurbī)pertaining to or based on experience
  • आनुभविक (ānubhvik)pertaining to or based on experience
  • अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • प्रायोगिक (prāyogik)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • तजरबी (tajarbī)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • तजुर्बी (tajurbī)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • आनुभविक (ānubhvik)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
  • प्रायोगिक (prāyogik)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
  • आनुभविक (ānubhvik)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Hungarian tapasztalati
  • tapasztalatipertaining to or based on experience
Indonesian empiris
  • empirispertaining to or based on experience
Italian empirico
  • empiricopertaining to or based on experience
Japanese 経験的
  • 経験的 (keikenteki)pertaining to or based on experience
Korean 실증적인
  • 실증적인 (siljeungjeogin)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Malay ايمڤيريکل
  • ايمڤيريکل (empirikal)pertaining to or based on experience
Persian تجربی, آروینی
  • تجربی (tajrobi)pertaining to or based on experience
  • آروینی (ârvini)pertaining to or based on experience
Polish aposterioryczny, empiryczny
  • aposteriorycznypertaining to or based on experience
  • empirycznypertaining to or based on experience
Portuguese empírico
  • empíricopertaining to or based on experience
Romanian empiric
  • empiricpertaining to or based on experience
Russian эмпири́ческий, эмпири́ческий
  • эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij)pertaining to or based on experience
  • эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij)verifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Spanish empírico, empírico
  • empíricopertaining to or based on experience
  • empíricopertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • empíricoverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Swedish empirisk, empirisk
  • empiriskpertaining to or based on experience
  • empiriskpertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • empiriskverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Tagalog masirin, masirin
  • masirinpertaining to or based on experience
  • masirinpertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
  • masirinverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Ukrainian емпіри́чний, емпіри́чний
  • емпіри́чний (empirýčnyj)pertaining to or based on experience
  • емпіри́чний (empirýčnyj)pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations
Urdu تجربی
  • تجربی (tajrabi)pertaining to or based on experience
Vietnamese kinh nghiệm, thực chứng
  • kinh nghiệmpertaining to or based on experience
  • thực chứngverifiable by means of scientific experimentation
Cite this entry
APA

empirical. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/empirical

MLA

“empirical.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/empirical. Accessed November 3, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “empirical,” accessed November 3, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/empirical.

Source: empirical on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.