hydronium

plural hydroniums

1. physicalchemistryThe hydrated hydrogen ion, H₃O⁺.

   There is experimental evidence for the formation of coordination groups of hydroniums with several water molecules by hydrogen bridges.

   2016, Andrés G. Muñoz, Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems: Molecular and Electronic Aspects, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 206

   3 more examples

   The case of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) is an example of this. In the gase^([sic]) phase, hydronium is a weak acid. The data in Table 3.10 indicates that bare hydronium ions have a higher electron affinity than most metal surfaces, so a bare hydronium ion should be neutralized when it absorbs on a bare metal surface. However, a hydrated hydronium ion is a stronger acid.

   1996, Richard I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley, page 148

   Acids are compounds that produce hydronium ions when mixed with water.[…]The hydronium ion is a very special ion because it is the defining particle of all acids.

   2006, Johanna Holm, Forgotten Chemistry: A Refresher Course, Barron's Educational Series, page 160

   Hydronium is not a way of stabilizing an acid, because the structure itself is so quickly transient that it can be considered as not existing.

   2016, Philippe Deprez, Textbook of Chemical Peels: Superficial, Medium, and Deep Peels in Cosmetic Practice, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 48

   Synonyms: hydronium ion