scutoid

plural scutoids

1. A geometrical solid described as a mix between a frustum and a prismatoid.

   A scutoid can be regarded as a prism that is truncated at one or more vertices, with faces and edges sized such that suitably oriented copies of said scutoid can be arranged to fully pack the space between two planes.

   3 more examples

   As a consequence, epithelial cells adopt a novel shape that we term “scutoid”.[…]Using biophysical arguments, we propose that scutoids make possible the minimization of the tissue energy and stabilize three-dimensional packing.

   2018, Pedro Gómez-Gálvez, Pablo Vicente-Munuera, Antonio Tagua, et al., “Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia”, in Nature Communications, volume 9, →DOI

   Our energetics analysis reveals that scutoids allow tissues to minimize the packing energy and we propose that such geometrical shape is nature’s solution to epithelial bending.

   2019, Felix Reichel, Johannes Mauer, Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz, Gerhard Gompper, Jochen R. Guck, Dmitry Fedosov, “High Troughput Microfluidic Characterization of Erythrocyte Shapes and Mechanical Variability”, in Biophysical Journal, page 123a

   It has been postulated that ‘scutoids’ are part of a continuum of cell shapes and 3D arrangements, together with frusta and prisms

   2020, Ghislain Gillard, Katja Röper, “Control of cell shape during epithelial morphogenesis: recent advances”, in Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, →DOI, page 8

plural scutoids

1. Alternative letter-case form of Scutoid, a genetic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

alternative scutoid

1. uncountableAn induced genetic mutation in the fly Drosophila melanogaster.

   Mapping close to the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) on chromosome arm 2L of Drosophila melanogaster is the dominant mutation Scutoid (Sco).

   1982, M. Ashburner, S. Tsubota, R. C. Woodruff, “The genetics of a small chromosome region of Drosophila melanogaster containing the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. IV: scutoid, an antimorphic mutation”, in Genetics, page 401

   1 more example

   Two independent lines of research led to the finding that the dominant Scutoid (Sco) mutation causes a diminshed extracellular electroantennogram response to the odorants ethyl acetate (EtAC) and acetone (AC).

   1995, Adrienne E. Dubin, Nathan L. Heald, Byrd Cleveland, John R. Carlson, Greg L. Harris, “Scutoid mutation of drosophila melanogaster specifically decreases olfactory responses to short‐chain acetate esters and ketones”, in Journal of Neurobiology, →DOI

2. uncountableAn individual fly with the genetic mutation.

   Here have found that snail is ectopically expressed in the eye-antennal and wing imaginal discs in Scutoid larvae, and that this expression is reduced in Scutoid revertants.

   1999, N. Fuse, Hitoshi Matakatsu, Misako Taniguchi, Shigeo Hayashi, “Snail-type zinc finger proteins prevent neurogenesis in Scutoid and transgenic animals of Drosophila”, in Development Genes and Evolution

3. uncountableThe gene affected by the mutation in D. melanogaster, or analogous genes in other species.

   A mutation in scutoid is also known to affect the orientation of mechanosensory bristles of the eye (Birkholz et al. 2009).

   2019, Subhashree Priyadarsini, Moumita Sahoo, Swetapadma Sahu, Rasu Jayabalan, Monalisa Mishra, “An infection of Enterobacter ludwigii affects development and causes age-dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster”, in Invertebrate Neuroscience, →DOI