super-token

plural super-tokens · alternative supertoken · alternative super token

1. human sciencesAn instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse.

   The following super token was extracted from one of the informants who participated in the sociolinguistic interview for this research.

   2017, Luis Alberto Mendez, “The variant [ʃ] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juárez”, in Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics, volume 6, number 1, →DOI, page 244

   3 more examples

   Another useful technique is to incorporate ‘super-tokens’ directly into the top of the token file so that they are readily found when needed; for example, writing an abstract or reporting preliminary results.

   2006, Sali A. Tagliamonte, Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168

   In this corpus, the best example of a super token can be seen in the following excerpt (1), where an educated female speaker in her mid-twenties, who is recounting a recent trip to Sweden, switches between a palatal lateral and a palatal fricative in the middle of a noun phrase

   2010, Panayiotis A. Pappas, “A new sociolinguistic variable in Cypriot Greek”, in Angela Ralli, Brian D. Joseph, Mark Janse, Athanasios Karasimos, editors, Research on Greek Dialects: Institutions and Projects, →ISSN

   Example (48) presents a supertoken where a Solonese signer uses SUDAH:4 and SUDAH:1 in consecutive clauses; these clauses have the same meaning, and hence are semantically equivalent (there are other examples where a variant form occurs in both pre-predicate and post-predicate slots without apparent difference in meaning, although more research is needed on this).

   2019, Nick Palfreyman, Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A Typological and Sociolinguistic Analysis, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 143