tofu dreg

noun

A poorly constructed building in China, or the shoddy material(s) used to construct it.

Meanings

nountofu dreg (plural tofu dregs)

plural tofu dregs

  1. attributivein pluraloftenengineeringA poorly constructed building in China, or the shoddy material(s) used to construct it.

    For example, the Kunming-Luquan highway in Kunming, Yunnan Province, had become a “tofu dreg project.”

    2015, Rongji Zhu, Zhu Rongji on the Record: The Road to Reform: 1998-2003, Brookings Institution Press, →ISBN, page 98
    5 more examples

    No one asks about the shoddy “tofu-dregs engineering”; instead, we blindly accuse “running teacher Fan.” Nationalism is only a fig leaf for the feeble-minded, a tricky maneuver that prevents everyone from seeing the complete picture.

    2011, Ai Weiwei, Ai Weiwei's Blog: Writings, Interviews, and Digital Rants, 2006-2009, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 177

    In the 2008 Sichuan earthquake several thousand school buildings collapsed, killing thousands of children and bringing the world's attention to the shoddy “tofu-dregs” buildings and rampant corruption that had skimmed the public funds ...

    2014, Catie Snow Bailard, Democracy's Double-Edged Sword: How Internet Use Changes Citizens' Views of Their Government, Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM, →ISBN

    Tan Zuoron, a writer who tried to document “shoddy tofu-dregs construction” that might have caused massive school-building collapses, was sentenced to prison.

    2014, Yi Kang, Disaster Management in China in a Changing Era, Springer, →ISBN, page 56

    […] teachers, teaching assistants, and school nurses would have died in the Sichuan earthquake in 2008 had the buildings not been made of tofu dregs.

    2015, John C. Mutter, The Disaster Profiteers: How Natural Disasters Make the Rich Richer and the Poor Even Poorer, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 95

    Individual Chinese citizens explicitly criticized the Ministry of Railway, describing it with such disparaging terms as ‘asshole’ and ‘bastard,’ and described the high-speed train project as one of the ‘tofu-dreg projects (豆腐渣工程 in Mandarin),’ which referred to projects with poor [quality].

    2015, Y. Liu, “Tweeting, re-tweeting, and commenting: Microblogging and social movements in China”, in Asian Journal of Communication

Origin

  1. Chinese豆腐渣“tofu dreg; okara”
  2. Englishtofu dreg

Calque of Chinese 豆腐渣 (dòufuzhā, “tofu dreg; okara”), dòufuzhā as in 豆腐渣工程 (dòufuzhā gōngchéng) and similar phrases. Coined by Tan Zuoren in 2008.

Full word history & related roots →
Cite this entry
APA

tofu dreg. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/tofu%20dreg

MLA

“tofu dreg.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/tofu%20dreg. Accessed November 4, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “tofu dreg,” accessed November 4, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/tofu%20dreg.

Source: tofu dreg on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.