whether

wheth·er
W4H4E1T1H4E1R1
/ˈwɛðə(ɹ)//ˈʍɛðə(ɹ)/[ˈwɛɾə]

conjunction

Introduces a simple indirect question (with no correlative).

“Do you know whether he's coming?”

Very commonFirst used 11th–19th c.Scrabble 16

Meanings

conjunction
  1. Introduces a simple indirect question (with no correlative).

    Do you know whether he's coming?

    1 more example

    Whether we'll be on time I'm unsure.

  2. Indicates doubt between possibilities (usually with correlative or).

    I can't decide whether to get divorced now or wait.

    4 more examples

    He chose the correct answer, but whether by luck or by skill I don't know.

    As a political system democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish,[…]. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get.[…]I do not suppose that it matters much in reality whether laws are made by dukes or cornerboys, but I like, as far as possible, to associate with gentlemen in private life.

    1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC

    The incident immediately revived the debate about goal-line technology, with a final decision on whether it is introduced expected to be taken in Zurich on 5 July.

    2012 June 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1–0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport

    Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless. One thing that is true, though, is that murder rates have fallen over the centuries, as policing has spread and the routine carrying of weapons has diminished.

    2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845
  3. Introduces a disjunctive adverbial clause qualifying the main clause (with correlative or).

    He's coming, whether you like it or not.

    3 more examples

    I'll enjoy playing with my friends again, whether we win or lose.

    Whether or not you're successful, you can be sure you did your best.

    The years have gone by and still we know not whether or no Mallory and Irvine reached the summit. But the will to climb Mount Everest is still alive.

    1931 April, Francis Younghusband, “Preface”, in The Epic of Mount Everest, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 5
  4. obsoleteIntroduces a direct question between alternatives (often with correlative or).

    Whether hadst thou rather be a Faulconbridge, [...] Or the reputed sonne of Cordelion?

    c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]
    1 more example

    whether ys it easyer to saye to the sicke of the palsey, thy synnes ar forgeven the: or to saye, aryse, take uppe thy beed and walke?

    1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark ij:[9]
determiner
  1. obsoleteWhich of two.

    In vies of favours whether party gains...

    [1633], George Herbert, “The Pearl”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple. Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC
    3 more examples

    But to whether side fortune would have been partial could not be determined.

    The New Arcadia

    a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC

    Whilst thus the case in doubtfull ballance hong, Vnsure to whether side it would incline,

    1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC

    In the morning sowe thy seede, and in the euening withhold not thine hand: for thou knowest not whether shall prosper, either this or that, or whether they both shall be alike good.

    1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 11:6
pronoun
  1. obsoleteWhich of two.First known use 11th–19th c.

    Whether of them twain did the will of his father?

    1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 21:31
    4 more examples

    The debite answered and sayde unto them: whether of the twayne will ye that I lett loosse unto you?

    1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew

    I told them we were in a country where we all knew there was a great deal of gold, and that all the world sent ships thither to get it; that we did not indeed know where it was, and so we might get a great deal, or a little, we did not know whether; […]

    1720, [Daniel Defoe], The Life, Adventures, and Pyracies, of the Famous Captain Singleton, London: […] J[ohn] Brotherton, […], J[ohn] Graves […], A[nne] Dodd, […], and T[homas] Warner, […], →OCLC

    On the 17th, we came in full view of a great island, or continent (for we knew not whether;) on the south side whereof was a small neck of land jutting out into the sea, and a creek too shallow to hold a ship of above one hundred tons.

    1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag)

    "Whether is better, the gift or the donor? / Come to me," / Quoth the pine tree, "I am the giver of honor."

    1847, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Woodnotes II

Synonyms & antonyms

Also see

Origin

  1. Proto-Germanic*hwaþeraz
  2. Proto-West Germanic*hwaþar
  3. Old Englishhweþer
  4. Middle Englishwhether
  5. Englishwhether

From Middle English whether, whather, from Old English hweþer, hwæþer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaþar, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz, comparative form of *hwaz (“who”). Cognate with North Frisian weđer (“if, whether”), German weder (“neither”), Swedish var (“each, every”), Icelandic hvor (“each of two, which of two”).

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Ancient Greek πότερον, πότερα
  • πότερον (póteron)introducing indirect questions
  • πότερα (pótera)introducing indirect questions
  • εἰ (ei)introducing indirect questions
Arabic إِذَا مَا, إِذَا
  • إِذَا مَا (ʔiḏā mā)introducing indirect questions
  • إِذَا (ʔiḏā)introducing indirect questions
  • هَلْ (hal)introducing indirect questions
  • هَلْ (hal)if, whether or not
Bulgarian дали́, дали́
  • дали́ (dalí)introducing indirect questions
  • дали́ (dalí)if, whether or not
Catalan si
  • siif, whether or not
Chinese Mandarin 是否, 是否
  • 是否 (shìfǒu)introducing indirect questions
  • 是否 (shìfǒu)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • 還是 /还是 (háishi)if, whether or not
  • ...不 (...bù...)if, whether or not
Czech zda, zdali
  • zdaintroducing indirect questions
  • zdaliintroducing indirect questions
  • aťintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • ať jižintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • zdaif, whether or not
  • zdaliif, whether or not
Danish om, hvorvidt
  • omintroducing indirect questions
  • hvorvidtintroducing indirect questions
  • hvad entenintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • omif, whether or not
  • hvorvidtif, whether or not
Dutch of, of
  • ofintroducing indirect questions
  • ofintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • ofif, whether or not
Esperanto ĉu, ĉu
  • ĉuintroducing indirect questions
  • ĉuif, whether or not
Finnish -ko, -pa
  • -kointroducing indirect questions
  • -paintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • (riippumatta siitä) ...-kointroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
French si, que
  • siintroducing indirect questions
  • queintroducing indirect questions
  • soitintroducing indirect questions
  • si oui ou nonintroducing indirect questions
  • queintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • siif, whether or not
German ob, ob
  • obintroducing indirect questions
  • obintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • obif, whether or not
Hebrew האם, אם
  • האםintroducing indirect questions
  • אם (ím)introducing indirect questions
  • באםif, whether or not
  • אם (ím)if, whether or not
Hindi चाहे
  • चाहे (cāhe)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
Hungarian -e, vajon
  • -eintroducing indirect questions
  • vajonintroducing indirect questions
  • akárintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • -eif, whether or not
  • vajonif, whether or not
Icelandic hvort, hvort sem
  • hvortintroducing indirect questions
  • hvort semintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • hvortif, whether or not
Irish an, ar
  • anintroducing indirect questions
  • arintroducing indirect questions
  • cé acu aintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • anif, whether or not
  • arif, whether or not
Italian se, indipendentemente
  • seintroducing indirect questions
  • indipendentementeintroducing indirect questions
  • sia che ... sia cheintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • seif, whether or not
Japanese かどうか, か
  • かどうか (...ka dō ka)introducing indirect questions
  • か (ka)introducing indirect questions
  • か (ka)if, whether or not
  • かどうか (-ka dō ka)if, whether or not
  • か否か (-ka ina ka)if, whether or not
Korean -는지, -ᆫ지
  • -는지 (-neunji)introducing indirect questions
  • -ᆫ지 (-nji)introducing indirect questions
  • -든지 (-deunji)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • -지 (-ji)if, whether or not
  • -지 어떤지 (-ji eotteonji)if, whether or not
Latin utrum
  • utrumif, whether or not
Lithuanian ar
  • arintroducing indirect questions
Māori rānei ... rānei, ahakoa ... ahakoa
  • rānei ... rāneiif, whether or not
  • ahakoa ... ahakoaif, whether or not
Norwegian Bokmål hvorvidt, om
  • hvorvidtintroducing indirect questions
  • omintroducing indirect questions
  • entenintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • omif, whether or not
  • hvorvidtif, whether or not
Persian آیا
  • آیا (âyâ)introducing indirect questions
Polish czy, czy ... czy
  • czyintroducing indirect questions
  • czy ... czyif, whether or not
Portuguese se, quer
  • seintroducing indirect questions
  • querintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • seif, whether or not
Romanian dacă, în orice caz
  • dacăintroducing indirect questions
  • în orice cazintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • dacăif, whether or not
Russian ли, ли
  • ли (li)introducing indirect questions
  • ли (li)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • и́ли (íli)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • и́ли (íli)if, whether or not
  • и́ли ... и́ли (íli ... íli)if, whether or not
Scottish Gaelic co-dhiù
  • co-dhiùintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
Slovak či, či
  • čiintroducing indirect questions
  • čiintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • či tak či onakintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • čiif, whether or not
Spanish si, o... o
  • siintroducing indirect questions
  • o... ointroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • ya sea... ointroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • bien... ointroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • o bien... o bienintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • bien... bienintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • ahora... ahoraintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • ora... oraintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • ya... yaintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • siquiera... siquieraintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • siif, whether or not
Swedish om, vare sig
  • omintroducing indirect questions
  • vare sigintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • omif, whether or not
  • huruvidaif, whether or not
Tagalog kung, man
  • kungintroducing indirect questions
  • manintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • manif, whether or not
Ukrainian чи, чи
  • чи (čy)introducing indirect questions
  • чи (čy)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • котри́й з (kotrýj z)introducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
Vietnamese có ... không, dù ... hay
  • có ... khôngintroducing indirect questions
  • dù ... hayif, whether or not
Welsh a, ai
  • aintroducing indirect questions
  • aiintroducing indirect questions
  • pa un aintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • pa un aiintroducing adverbial clause; no matter whether or not
  • aif, whether or not
  • aiif, whether or not

Rhymes & wordplay

Rhymes with whether

All rhymes →

Sounds the same

weatherwether (wine–whine merger)weatherwether (wine–whine merger)weatherwether (wine–whine merger)
Cite this entry
APA

whether. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 2, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/whether

MLA

“whether.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/whether. Accessed November 2, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “whether,” accessed November 2, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/whether.

Source: whether on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.