thunder

thunder · noun¹

1. Proto-Indo-European · derived from*(s)ten-
2. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*þunraz
3. Proto-West Germanic · inherited from*þunr
4. Old English · inherited fromþunor“thunder”
5. Middle English · inherited fromthunder
6. English todaythunder

From Middle English thunder, thonder, thundre, thonre, thunnere, þunre, from Old English þunor (“thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunr, from Proto-Germanic *þunraz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-, *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Compare astound, astonish, stun. Germanic cognates include West Frisian tonger, Dutch donder, German Donner, Old Norse Þórr (English Thor), Danish torden, Norwegian Nynorsk tore. Other cognates include Persian تندر (tondar), Latin tonō, detonō, Ancient Greek στένω (sténō), στενάζω (stenázō), στόνος (stónos), Στέντωρ (Sténtōr), Irish torann, Welsh taran, Gaulish Taranis. Doublet of donner, Thunor, and Thor.

thunder · verb²

1. Proto-Germanic · inherited from*þunrōną“to thunder”
2. Proto-West Germanic · inherited from*þunrōn
3. Old English · inherited fromþunrian“to thunder”
4. Middle English · inherited fromthundren
5. English todaythunder

From Middle English thundren, from Old English þunrian (“to thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunrōn, from Proto-Germanic *þunrōną (“to thunder”).

Words from the same roots