Word origins

• livreA unit of currency formerly used in France, divided into 20 sols or sous.
• materielMilitary equipment, apparatus, and supplies.
• GAAsA village in Landes department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.
• capoteA long coat or cloak with a hood.
• atrophyA reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use.
• augusteA kind of clown, usually serving as an anarchic foil to the whiteface.
• lisleA type of strong cotton thread, or a cloth woven from such thread.
• EstelleA female given name from French
• shingleA small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building.
• DevilleA commune in Ardennes department, Grand Est, France.
• NavarreAn autonomous community and province in northern Spain.
• milieuAn environment or setting; a medium; environs
• retardantServing to impede (slow down) the action of something
• barrageAn artificial obstruction, such as a dam, in a river designed to increase its depth or to divert its flow.
• RaoulA surname from French.
• esplanadeA clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town.
• glyphA figure carved in relief or incised, especially representing a sound, word, or idea.
• briarAny of many plants with thorny stems growing in dense clusters, such as many in the Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax genera.
• LanguedocSynonym of Languedocian
• LabonteA surname from French.
• kilometreAn SI unit of length equal to 10³ metres. Symbol: km
• curie3.7×10¹⁰ decays per second, as a unit of radioactivity. Symbol Ci.
• ChantillyA medium-sized, longhair domestic cat breed, originating in Canada and the United States.
• assemblageThe process of assembling or bringing together.
• dijonDijon mustard, a prepared mustard containing white wine in place of vinegar
• entourageA retinue of attendants, associates or followers.
• traversacross; athwart
• atelierA studio or workshop, especially for an artist, designer, or fashion house.
• bledHinterland, field.
• HavreA city, the county seat of Hill County, Montana, United States.
• palatine(of an official or feudal lord) Having local authority and possessing royal privileges that elsewhere belongs only to a sovereign.
• bassoonA musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.
• rivetA cylindrical mechanical fastener which is supplied with a factory head at one end and is used to attach multiple parts together by passing its bucktail through a hole and upsetting its end to form a field head.
• tillyAn extra product given to a customer at no additional charge; a lagniappe.
• materialismConstant concern over material possessions and wealth; a great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.
• LacroixA surname from French.
• muscatA white grape variety; used as table grapes and for making raisins and sweet wine.
• crayonA stick of colored chalk or wax used for drawing.
• marqueA brand of a manufactured product, especially of a motor car.
• bandageA strip of gauze or similar material used to protect or support a wound or injury.
• AvignonA city, the capital of Vaucluse department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.
• enclaveA political, cultural or social entity or part thereof that is completely surrounded by another.
• optimistA person who expects a favourable outcome.
• marinadeA seasoned, often acidic liquid mixture in which food is marinated, or soaked, usually to flavor and prepare it for cooking.
• brigadierAn army rank; an officer commanding a brigade.
• hygienicPertaining to hygiene; clean, sanitary, free of disease.
• chaiseAn open, horse-drawn carriage for one or two people, usually with one horse and two wheels.
• deyA servant who has charge of the dairy; a dairymaid.
• phenolA caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C₆H₅OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid
• yonDistant, but within sight; (that thing) just over there.
• bassetThe edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the outcrop.
• deferenceGreat respect.
• caressAn act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness.
• mauveA rich purple synthetic dye, which faded easily, briefly popular c. 1859‒1873 and now called mauveine.
• MetairieAn unincorporated community and census-designated place in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
• MarrakechThe capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco.
• courantA piece of music in triple time.
• bombardierA bomber crew member who sights and releases bombs.
• relaisA narrow space between the foot of the rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to catch any earth that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling into the ditch.
• connoisseurA specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste.
• liqueurA flavored alcoholic beverage that is usually very sweet and contains a high percentage of alcohol.
• cosmetologyThe science of cosmetics.
• inactionLack of action or activity or labor
• DuquesneA surname from French.
• pereA surname.
• rosetteAn element or ornament resembling a rose, especially on a wall or other surface, mostly for decorative purposes.
• chansonAny song with French words, but more specifically a classic, lyric-driven French song.
• macabreRepresenting or personifying death.
• semaphoreAny equipment used for visual signalling by means of flags, lights, or mechanically moving arms, which are used to represent letters of the alphabet, or words.
• kilogramIn the International System of Units, the base unit of mass; conceived of as the mass of one litre of water, but now defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10⁻³⁴ when expressed in units of kg⋅m²⋅s⁻¹. Symbol: kg
• AllardA surname from French.
• marquiseA marchioness, especially one who is French.
• bonjourGood morning; hello.
• pinionA wing.
• rouxA mixture of fat (usually butter) and flour used to thicken sauces and stews.
• collaboratorA person who works with others towards a common goal.
• heroismThe qualities characteristic of a hero, such as courage, bravery, fortitude, selflessness, etc.; the display of such qualities.
• glycogenA polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals; converted to glucose as needed.
• tonneauThe rear body or compartment of some types of motor vehicle, especially one containing seats for passengers.
• bayonetA blade mounted to the end of a long gun, originally with a handle inserted into the bore, now usually attached underbarrel.
• GatineauA city and regional county municipality in the Outaouais region, Quebec, Canada, on the Quebec-Ontario border.
• phenylA univalent hydrocarbon radical, C₆H₅ (benzene minus one hydrogen atom), and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.
• bossierA surname from French.
• intolerantUnable or indisposed to tolerate, endure or bear.
• LaporteA surname from French.
• triageAssessment or sorting according to quality, need, etc., especially to determine how resources will be allocated.
• impressionistOne who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism.
• stagnantLacking flow or motion, and thus usually not fresh or healthy; decaying through stillness.
• maraisA marsh; a marshy area, one intermittently covered with water, particularly in Louisiana, or in other French-speaking areas.
• centrifugeA device in which a mixture of denser and lighter materials (normally dispersed in a liquid) is separated by being spun about a central axis at high speed.
• debacleAn event or enterprise that ends suddenly and disastrously, often with humiliating consequences.
• gauzeA thin fabric with a loose, open weave.
• impromptuImprovised; without prior preparation, planning, or rehearsal.
• papillonA small dog of a certain toy spaniel breed having large upright ears with a shape that resembles butterfly wings.
• ravineA deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.
• CLOSA surname.
• truffleAny of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe; the earthnut.
• nuanceA minor distinction.
• niveaulevel, grade, standard
• LemieuxA surname from French.