Cambrian explosion

plural Cambrian explosions

1. evolutionary biologyThe relatively rapid appearance, during the Cambrian Period around 541 million years ago, of most major animal phyla, as demonstrated in the fossil record.

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   Alternatively, if animals had a relatively long Precambrian history, why do so many kinds appear abruptly and more or less synchronously in the fossil record during Early Cambran time? Was there an external environmental factor that either prevented animals from becoming fossilizable (i.e., large muscular, and/or mineralized) prior to the beginning of the Cambrian, or did some biological or environmental event trigger the metazoan radiation? Hypotheses that have been advanced to explain these questions tend to focus on either an external environmental control on, or an internal property of, the organisms that participated in the Cambrian explosion.

   1992, “Evolution of the Earliest Animals”, in J[ames] William Schopf, editor, Major Events in the History of Life [Proceedings from a Symposium Convened by the IGPP Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life at the University of California, Los Angeles, Held January 11, 1991], Sudbury, Mass.; London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 87

   A major adaptive radiation took place during the Cambrian Period that resulted in the evolution of most of the known phyla (broad groupings of organisms) as well as other phyla that have since become extinct. This geologically rapid appearance of diverse multicellular life is referred to as the Cambrian explosion, and is best documented in the fauna of the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian-age Stephan Formation) of British Columbia.

   2008 May, “Affected Environment”, in Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Geothermal Leasing in the Western United States (DES 08-22), volume I (Programmatic Analysis), [Washington, D.C.]: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; US Department of Agriculture, United States Forest Service, →OCLC, paragraph 3.5.4, pages 3-49–3-50

   Evidence of transitional stages is missing both in the living world and in the "Cambrian explosions" at Burgess Shale in the Canadian Rockies and at the Chengjiang site in China. It is only proper at this point that we demand hard evidence of transitional stages. To wait millions of years for it to appear is simply a scientism of the gaps.

   2011, Michael Ebifegha, “Introduction”, in Creation or Evolution?: Origin of Species in Light of Science’s Limitations and Historical Records, Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, →ISBN, page 7

   A few worlds may have made this giant leap, invented sex (or some equivalent), and produced planets with sponge-like organisms to filter-clean their seas as a precedent to the evolution of more complex life. Here and there, and likely very rarely, a few planets may have undergone their own Cambrian explosions.

   2014, Jan Zalasiewicz, Mark R. F. Williams, “Water in the Cosmos”, in Ocean Worlds, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

   [T]hese cliffs, cut over the millennia by the Kotuikan as it winds toward the Arctic Ocean, record one of Earth history's great turning points. As well as any rocks known anywhere, they document the remarkable diversification of animal life popularly known as the Cambrian Explosion. In the broadest possible sense, the Kotuikan cliffs record the beginnings of the modern world, a world in which animals swim, crawl, or walk beneath an atmosphere of breathable air. That's really what brought us here.

   2015, Andrew H[erbert] Knoll, “In the Beginning?”, in Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, new Princeton Science Library paperback edition, Princeton, N.J.; Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 8

   Brocks said the new study suggested the Ediacaran biota “already contained some of the creatures that gave rise to the [Cambrian] explosion, to the rise of modern animals”. The Cambrian explosion, also called the biological big bang, was a period about 538.8m years ago when almost all major animal groups started to appear in the fossil record.

   2022 November 22, Donna Lu, “The real paleo diet: researchers find traces of world’s oldest meal in 550m-year-old fossil”, in The Guardian

   Synonyms: biological big bang

plural Cambrian explosions

1. broadlyThe rapid appearance of anything.

   There has been a Cambrian explosion of cryptocurrencies.

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   When we examined the detailed history of the evolution, we fond large gaps of time in which little happened at all. Then we saw the sudden appearance of a key circuit (an enabling technology) and quick use of this for further technologies. A full adder circuit might appear after say 32,000 steps; and 2-, 3-, and 4-bit adders fairly quickly after that. In other words, we found periods of quiescence, followed by miniature "Cambrian explosions" of rapid evolution.

   2009, W[illiam] Brian Arthur, The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Group, →ISBN

   Before the Web, it was hard to imagine alternatives to management orthodoxy. But the Internet has spawned a Cambrian explosion of new organizational life forms—where coordination occurs without centralization, […]

   2011 November 16, Gary Hamel, “Gary Hamel on ‘Hacking Management 2.0’”, in Saba Software; quoted in Marco Minghetti, “Foreword”, in Collaborative Intelligence: Towards the Social Organization, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014, →ISBN, page xxix

   The men and women of the Renaissance period likely had little inkling of the truly titanic changes that were unfolding around them, let alone the ability to predict where it would all end up. Nevertheless, many of their legacies remain with us today: the birth of modern nation-states; the expansion of political rights and freedoms; the rise of the university, the media, and the industrial corporation; and a Cambrian explosion of science, medicine, knowledge, and cultural expression.

   2012, Don Tapscott, Anthony D. Williams, “Five Principles for the Age of Networked Intelligence”, in Macrowikinomics: New Solutions for a Connected Planet, paperback edition, London: Portfolio/Penguin, →ISBN, part I (From Wikinomics to Macrowikinomics)

   With the advent of mass media in the 1960s, immortalized in the TV series Mad Men, the pace of brand introduction, sophistication, and importance accelerated dramatically. The world has witnessed a "Cambrian explosion" of brands.

   2017, Jan-Benedict Steenkamp, “The Cambrian Explosion of Brands”, in Global Brand Strategy: World-wise Marketing in the Age of Branding, London: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 2

   The internet has caused a Cambrian explosion of creative expression by allowing artists to execute and distribute their visions with unprecedented ease.

   2025 May 5, Spencer Kornhaber, “Is This the Worst-Ever Era of American Pop Culture?”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN