China proper

alternative China Proper

1. China excluding Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan, Tibet, Tuva, and Xinjiang.

   Tun-huang, which means 'Blazing Beacon', was thus the last caravan halt in China proper for travellers setting out along the old Silk Road.

   1980, Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, Oxford University Press, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 156

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   Chowta-Zhin, who is ſaid to be a man of buſineſs and preciſion, and cautious of advancing facts, at the requeſt of Earl Macartney, delivered to him a ſtatement taken from one of the public officers in the capitol, of the inhabitants of the fifteen ancient provinces of China, or China proper, within the great wall ; according to which the number of inhabitants, taken by a regular enumeration, amounts to 333,000,000!

   1798 October 20 [1797], “CALCULATIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE GLOBE.”, in The Rural Magazine, volume I, number 36, Newark, →OCLC, page 2

   The site is located in the Hexi Corridor, a critical section of the Silk Road, and the multi-room layout of the buildings and the wheat/barley crops hint at dual directions of inspiration, but it is yet uncertain whether the Xichengyi community absorbed the mud-brick building technology from Central Asia. The microscopic and particle size analyses, however, confirm that the second type of mud-brick was ingeniously fused with the earth ramming technique from China proper.

   2018, Liangren Zhang, Dongju Zhang, Xiaohong Wu, Kai Wang, Guoke Chen, Hui Wang, Peng Wang, “Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China”, in Paléorient, volume 44, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC

   To accommodate a fast growing urban population, real estate developers favor tall, rectangular, concrete apartment buildings over traditional Chinese architectures. The buildings in northern cities no longer look distinguishable from buildings in southern cities. Revisiting those diverse architectural motifs serves as a reminder of how diverse China proper really is.[...]East of the thick red lines is a rough definition of China proper (Lin et al., 2015)

   2020, Shiqi Liang, “Architecture and Geography of China Proper: Influence of Geography on the Diversity of Chinese Traditional Architectural Motifs and the Cultural Values They Reflect”, in Culture, Society, and Praxis, volume 12, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 1, 2

1. alternativeAlternative form of China proper.

   In China Proper, there are few high mountains ; but in Chineſian or Eaſt-Tartary, north of the great wall, there are many, as we have already remarked.

   1769, Tobias Smollett, “CHINA”, in The Present State of All Nations: Containing a Geographical, Natural, Commercial, and Political History of All the Countries in the Known World, volume the Seventh, London, →OCLC, page 53

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   This country is divided into ſixteen provinces, fifteen of which lie within the great wall, and the other without.[...]Such are the boundaries and divisions of China Proper, from the most authentic accounts ;[...]

   1785, William Frederick Martyn, “CHINA”, in The Geographical Magazine, volume I, London, →OCLC, page 513

   CHINA PROPER was divided in the K'ang-hsî reign (1662-1722) into eighteen provinces ; from 1887 to 1895, when it was ceded to Japan, Formosa, detached from Fû-chien, was a separate province under the name of T'âi-wan ;[…]

   1901, Chambers's Encyclopaedia, page 184, column 1

   The flow of Chinese emigrants northwards into the unoccupied spaces of Manchuria, destined in the ‘ twenties ’ of the present century to become a mighty flood, had already begun, and in 1907 (four years before the Revolution which drove the Manchus from the throne, abolished the Imperial regime and substituted the Republic of China) Manchuria was incorporated in China Proper.

   1944, China Proper, Volume I: Physical Geography, History and Peoples, Naval Intelligence Division, page 2

   Top priority was placed on military preparedness, troop strength was continuously built up, the settlement of Han from China Proper was intensified, a new highway and railroad network was completed within Xinjiang and between Urumqi and Lanzhou by 1961, and emphasis was placed on economic development and modernization.

   1979, Donald H. McMillen, “Military Policies,1949-66”, in Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 107

   In a speech given during the National City Ethnic Work Forum in September 2008, Professor Ma Rong stated that the number of Uyghurs living in China Proper had increased seven times during the period from 1982 to 2000, reaching a total of 53,771.

   2011, M. Rayila, “The Pain of a Nation: The Invisibility of Uyghurs in China Proper”, in Equal Rights Review, volume Six, Equal Rights Trust, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 02 Jun 2011, page 45