black legend

noun

Historiographical phenomenon in which a sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting and introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts is directed against particular persons, nations or institutions with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of them.

Meanings

black legend1

nounblack legend (plural black legends)

plural black legends

  1. Historiographical phenomenon in which a sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting and introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts is directed against particular persons, nations or institutions with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of them.
proper nounthe black legend
  1. Alternative letter-case form of Black Legend.

    Here the problem is aggravated by the mutually reinforcing influences of the ‘black legend’ of Spanish greed and cruelty, and the contrasting myth of the American Indian as ‘noble savage’.

    1992, Edwin Williamson, The Penguin history of Latin America, London; New York: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 84

Black Legend2

proper nounthe Black Legend

alternative black legend

  1. historiographyThe depiction of Spain and Spaniards (or, by extension, all Hispanics and their countries of origin) as bloodthirsty and cruel, greedy and fanatical, especially concerning the colonial period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century.

    […]if the black legend seemed to be fading at last, the horrors of the Civil War revived it with a vengeance. Never was a conflict fought more bitterly.

    1964, Jan Morris, “Wild Spain”, in Spain, Faber and Faber, published 2008, →ISBN
    1 more example

    Here the problem is aggravated by the mutually reinforcing influences of the ‘black legend’ of Spanish greed and cruelty, and the contrasting myth of the American Indian as ‘noble savage’.

    1992, Edwin Williamson, The Penguin history of Latin America, London; New York: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 84

Origin

black legend · noun, proper noun

  1. Frenchlégende noire
  2. SpanishLeyenda Negra
  3. Englishblack legend

Genericized use of Black Legend, a calque from Spanish Leyenda Negra coined by Julián Juderías in his 1914 book La Leyenda Negra y la Verdad Histórica. The Spanish term is in turn likely a calque of French légende noire, an expression by Arthur Lévy in his 1893 book Napoléon intime.

Full word history & related roots →

Black Legend · proper noun

  1. SpanishLeyenda Negra
  2. EnglishBlack Legend

Calque of Spanish Leyenda Negra (literally “Black Legend”).

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Dutch Zwarte Legende
  • Zwarte Legendethe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
Finnish musta legenda, musta legenda
  • musta legendaTranslations
  • musta legendathe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
French légende noire, Légende Noire
  • légende noireTranslations
  • Légende Noirethe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
Polish czarna legenda, Czarna Legenda hiszpanii
  • czarna legendaTranslations
  • Czarna Legenda hiszpaniithe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
Portuguese Lenda Negra
  • Lenda Negrathe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
Spanish leyenda negra, Leyenda Negra
  • leyenda negraTranslations
  • Leyenda Negrathe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
Swedish svarta legenden
  • svarta legendenthe depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical
Cite this entry
APA

black legend. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 2, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/black%20legend

MLA

“black legend.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/black%20legend. Accessed November 2, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “black legend,” accessed November 2, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/black%20legend.

Source: black legend on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.