cranioscopy

plural cranioscopies

1. countablerareuncountableThe study of the shape, size, and other features of the human skull.

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   In the first part of my Atlas on Cranioscopy, which appeared in Leipzig in 1843, I remarked that in the skull of a Greenlander, which I sketched, it was singular, that on this skull there was a decided separation between the upper jaw-bone and the intermaxillary bone, almost as in little children or in quadrupeds.

   1864, C. G. Carus, “Some Remarks on the Construction of the Upper Jaw of the Skull of a Greenlander,”, in Journal of the Anthropological Society of London, volume 2, page cxiv

2. countabledatedhistoricaluncountablePhrenology.

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   A theory that was totally wrong helped focus attention on the right questions. Some people called it phrenology. Its founder, Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) called it cranioscopy. . . . It held that the brain had specific areas of function and that mental and moral attributes of a person could be determined by examination of the cranium.

   1978, William J. Broad, “Lost in Thought”, in Science News, volume 114, number 22, page 361