diaphragm

plural diaphragms

1. anatomyIn mammals, a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen, contracted and relaxed in respiration to draw air into and expel air from the lungs.

   thoracic diaphragm

   1 more example

   pulmonary diaphragm

2. anatomyAny of various membranes or sheets of muscle or ligament which separate one cavity from another.
3. A contraceptive device consisting of a flexible cup, used to cover the cervix during intercourse.

   cervical diaphragm

   1 more example

   contraceptive diaphragm

4. engineeringA flexible membrane separating two chambers and fixed around its periphery that distends into one or other chamber as the difference in the pressure in the chambers varies.

   This is effected by a novel and ingenious application of two flexible diaphragms—the upper of which, being acted upon by the lower, is pulled down on its seat, and forms a perfectly leakless joint.

   1847, editorial staff, “Improvement in Water Taps, Cister Valves, &c. ”, in Scientific American, series 1, Volume 3, Issue 9, page 68

   1 more example

   There also were five broken panes of glass on the two huge, rubberlike diaphragms that equalize air pressure within the dome as the artificial atmosphere expands and contracts with temperature variations, he said.

   1994 May 4, “Two Former Biosphere Workers Are Accused of Sabotaging Dome”, in The Associated Press

5. acousticsIn a speaker, the thin, semi-rigid membrane which vibrates to produce sound.

   acoustic diaphragm

6. artsA thin opaque structure with a central aperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.
7. chemistryA permeable or semipermeable membrane.

   The mass of liquid transported through a porous diaphragm in a given time is directly proportional to the current.

   1921, Wilder Dwight Bancroft, Applied Colloid Chemistry: General Theory, page 207

8. businessA floor slab, metal wall panel, roof panel or the like, having a sufficiently large in-plane shear stiffness and sufficient strength to transmit horizontal forces to resisting systems.

present singular third person diaphragms · participle present diaphragming · participle past diaphragmed · past diaphragmed

1. artsTo reduce lens aperture using an optical diaphragm.

   He employs an equatorial with an object-glass having a focal length of five metres, and which was diaphragmed down to eight centimetres.

   1870, D. Appleton & Co., Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1869, page 43

2. To act as a diaphragm, for example by vibrating.

   The holes and burning are caused by the part diaphragming at 20000-40000 cycles/second.

   1996, Tom Drozda et al., Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, vol. VIII: Plastic Part Manufacturing, →ISBN, page 16-24